however, there are two kinds of issuance preparation: full amount and insufficient amount.

Claims for gold, foreign exchange and various currencies can be used as preparation for issuance.

The currency issuance preparation system is formulated to restrict the scale of currency issuance and maintain currency credit, which requires currency issuers to use a certain metal or asset as the issuance preparation when issuing currency. Under the metal currency system, the precious metals stipulated by law are used as the preparation for currency issuance. Under the modern credit currency system, the contents of currency issuance preparation systems in various countries are more complicated, generally including cash preparation and securities preparation. (See Professor Li Jian's Outline of Monetary Banking /jgsz/jingpin/xxty/2.htm).