China's annual output of ore is more than 5 billion tons, and the total output of non-ferrous metals such as coal, steel, cement and phosphate rock 10 and crude oil ranks in the top five in the world. The output value of mining and related raw material processing industry accounts for 3 1% of the national total industrial output value, and has become an important mineral resource country and mining power in the world.
The total proven mineral resources are relatively large, accounting for about 12% of the world, ranking third in the world after the United States and the former Soviet Union. But the average per capita is 58% of the world average, ranking 53 rd in the world. In this respect, China is a country with relatively poor resources.
More than 20 kinds of minerals occupy a dominant position in the world. Minerals with world advantages include rare earth, tungsten, tin, molybdenum, antimony, magnesite, fluorite, barite, bentonite, graphite, talc, mirabilite, gypsum and other minerals. Not only has the proven reserves been considerable, ranking second in the world 1 and/or, but the per capita possession has exceeded the world's per capita level, and the resources are of high quality, with good conditions for development and utilization, with obvious advantages and strong strength in the international market.
There are 9 kinds of minerals with regional advantages, such as coal, niobium, beryllium, mercury, sulfur, phosphorus, fluorite, talc and asbestos, and the proven reserves rank second and third in the world. But some of them are of poor quality, and their per capita possession is lower than the world average.
Minerals with potential advantages include zinc, bauxite, vanadium, perlite, kaolin, refractory clay and so on.
The main characteristics of China's mineral resources are: the total amount is rich, but the per capita possession is insufficient; Reserves of pillar minerals (such as oil, natural gas and iron-rich ore, etc.). ) insufficient, some minerals with small consumption have more reserves; There are many small and medium-sized deposits, few large and super-large deposits, many poor and difficult-to-select pillar minerals and few rich minerals, which is very difficult to develop and utilize; The distribution of resources does not match the distribution of productivity.
coal coke
Coal is the main energy mineral in China, with a total reserve of about 65.438+0.5 trillion tons, accounting for 654.38+0/8 of the world's total coal reserves. It is characterized by wide distribution and relative concentration, complete varieties, excellent quality and good development conditions. At present, all kinds of coal found in the world are stored in China. It is concentrated in the north, including the northeast, north and northwest, especially Shanxi Province, which is known as the "hometown of coal", and the coal reserves in the province are equivalent to 30% of the national proven total.
Youshi
Oil is one of the important energy minerals in China. Since 1950s, more than 300 oil-bearing basins and 1400 oil-storage structures have been discovered in China, making China one of the major oil-producing countries in the world, forming four provinces 10 in the east, west, offshore and south. The oil reserves are 2.7-3 billion tons (1end of 993), and the average annual output since the 1990s is 654.38+400 million tons. 195 China crude oil output reached 654.38+49 million tons.
Ferrous metallic minerals
The ferrous metal mineral resources with proven reserves are iron, manganese, chromium, vanadium and titanium, and the first four are relatively rich. Among them, the iron ore reserves are 497,365,438+1100 million tons. Ranked third in the world. However, there are few rich ores containing more than 50% iron, which are scattered and difficult to develop. The famous iron-rich ore in China is Shilu Iron Mine located in Hainan Island.
Non-ferrous and precious metal minerals
Non-ferrous metals and precious metals have huge reserves and complete varieties. Tungsten, tin, antimony, zinc, molybdenum, mercury and magnesite all rank first in the world, while copper, aluminum, nickel, lead, cobalt and silver all rank first in the world. Mercury is mainly distributed in Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Guangxi and Qinling Mountains. Copper mines are widely distributed in China, relatively concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Sichuan-Yunnan areas, with Dexing in Jiangxi as the largest. Jinchuan nickel mine in Jinchang is an associated nickel-copper mine. China tin mine area is a part of the famous Pacific Rim tin mine belt, and its producing areas are concentrated in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hunan provinces, with Gejiu tin mine in Yunnan being the largest and known as the "tin capital of the world". Tungsten deposits in China account for more than half of the world's total tungsten deposits, and Gannan, northern Guangdong and eastern Hunan are the most concentrated areas in China, accounting for more than half of the total tungsten deposits in China.
Rare rare earth metals and dispersed element minerals
There are 8 kinds of rare metal minerals with proven reserves in China, among which lithium, tantalum and niobium are among the best in the world. Rare earth metals and dispersed element minerals 10 species, rich in resources. Among them, the reserves of rare earth metals are much more than those abroad, and the associated rare earth resources of Bayanobo iron mine in Inner Mongolia are the largest rare earth deposits in the world. Non-metallic minerals There are 73 kinds of non-metallic minerals with proven reserves in China, among which pyrite, gypsum and barite resources rank first in the world. Asbestos, Yellowstone, phosphate rock, talc, Carboniferous rocks, mica, graphite, kaolin, bentonite and marble are all the best in the world. Among them, the proven reserves of phosphate rock15.032 billion tons. It is concentrated in Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hunan, Hubei and other provinces, and less in North China, Northeast China and Northwest China.