How many sons did Qin Shihuang have? There are two theories in history. One is that Qin Shihuang had more than twenty sons, and the other is that Qin Shihuang had eighteen sons. Both of these statements are from Historical Records and Biography of Lisi. One is from the original theory of biography, and the other is from biography. According to the legend, Qin Shihuang toured the east for thirty-seven years. "Qin Shihuang had more than twenty sons, and his eldest son Fu Su admonished him with several words and sent him to the county, with Meng Tian as the general. The youngest son, Hu Hai, love, please obey and promise. " . This theory makes it very clear that Qin Shihuang "had more than twenty sons" and Fu Su was his eldest son. Hu Hai is his youngest son. The biography also quotes Zhao Gao's words to Reese: "The emperor has more than twenty sons, as you know." . This further proves that Qin Shihuang did have more than twenty sons. When Sima Guang wrote Zi Tong Zhi Jian, there was probably no new historical data to follow, so he also wrote in Ji Qin Historical Records: "The first emperor had more than 20 sons." Regarding the theory of eighteen sons, Historical Records said: "Distinguishing the name of Yin Shi, Qin general Zhang Han wrote:' Reese died for the king of Qin, and now the king is also abolished'. However, II was the eighteenth son of Qin Shihuang. " In the above two statements, it is obvious that the evidence of the statement "more than 20 sons" is relatively sufficient. Traditionally, it is generally believed that all the children of Qin Shihuang were killed by Zhao Gao. For example, "Historical Records of Han Dynasty" said: "Qin Shihuang, Chu, etc., Qin Shihuang's ancestral hall has been extinct." For example, the biography of Han Jia Shan said: The ancestral hall of Qin Shihuang has been extinct. For example, Wu Shidao supplemented the capital preservation of the Warring States Policy; Qin's "national names are extinct". For example, "On Salt and Iron" quoted literature as saying: "In those days, Zhao Gaotian surpassed other people's ambitions and occupied the position of ten thousand people in order to overthrow the State of Qin and bring disaster to his ancestors. "According to the above historical records, it seems that the number of sons and princesses that Qin Shihuang was murdered, forced to kill, framed and killed by Zhao Gao is the number of children actually owned by Qin Shihuang. According to "Historical Records Biography of the First Emperor Lisi": "Six sons died in Du"; "Childe will be three brothers", framed by Zhao Gao, "all draw out their swords and commit suicide"; Twelve sons slaughtered Xianyang City and ten princesses died in Du "; Childe spoke highly of Zhao Gao's killing behavior, and went straight to his brother, intending to escape. He is "afraid of gathering a family" and is guilty of his loved ones. " Please obey death "and" give hundreds of dollars for burial ". Plus, before that, Fu Su had committed suicide for Zhao Gao and Reese. Since then, Zhao Gao instigated Wang Yigong's military policy of "robbing Hu Hai and committing suicide". Since then, Qin Shihuang's twenty-four sons and ten princesses (6+3+12+1+1= 24) were all killed by Zhao Gao. This is consistent with the statement in Biography of Li Si that the first emperor had more than twenty sons. The relationship between Qin Shihuang and twenty-four sons is rarely mentioned directly in historical records, but it is occasionally involved in describing related issues. History, gold, Buddhism, stocks, Hong Kong stocks, Hang Seng Index, foreign exchange, poetry, antiques, couplets, China history+@% Z. ~6 J8 R6 l When Qin Shihuang pacified the world and proclaimed himself emperor, Prime Minister Wang Wan and other ministers suggested that in the remote areas of Yanjijing, "please establish philosophers" as follows. Qin Shihuang handed Wang Wan's opinion to the ministers for discussion. "Ministers all feel convenient.". Only Reese objected. Li Si summed up the historical lesson of the early Zhou Dynasty: "Children and grandchildren share the same surname, then alienate each other, attack each other like enemies, and princes even criticize each other, so that Zhou can be banned." He believes that only "counties and counties" are "the art of peace", and feudal princes are out of date. Qin Shihuang fully supported Reese's opinion. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, he refused any form of enfeoffment system, on the grounds that "there are endless struggles in the world, and princes are tree soldiers. Only the eldest son, Fu Su, was regarded as Chu Jun, and was sent to Shang Jun to serve as an army supervisor in Montaigne. He was cultivated by love in the first line and grew into a thousand talents, and then succeeded to the throne of Qin after a hundred years. The other 23 sons, who did not own a king, were not allowed to serve in their central or local governments, but were raised with "public taxes". No wonder, after the death of Qin Shihuang, his youngest son Hu Hai said to Zhao Gao, "What can he say if the father donates his life and doesn't seal his sons?" Deeply dissatisfied with Qin Shihuang's "sealing the soil without feet". Some scholars in the Western Han Dynasty have a lot of complaints about Qin Shihuang's "Counties in the Sea", "No monarch is sealed", "Zi is Shu Ren" and "Zi is the leader of Guizhou". They think that Qin Shihuang won't even let his own sons share the rights, which is "abolishing the royal power and establishing private rights", or "occupying the whole world", which is a manifestation of totalitarianism and seems to sympathize with Qin Shihuang's sons. In fact, Qin Shihuang's "abolition of kingship" is true, and "establishment of private rights" is false. After Qin Shihuang established the emperor, it can be said that his power was very, very great. He has every right and ability to seek many personal interests for his twenty-four sons, his ten princesses, his Qin family and his harem Chili House. First of all, it is not too much to make children king, especially sons king. In this regard, not only will there not be too many objections, but it will get more support and support; Not only will it get the support and support of court ministers, but it will also get the acquiescence and recognition of secular forces, that is, social habits. In fact, even if you don't make your sons kings, you can arrange for them to serve in their central or local governments. However, in view of the historical lesson that feudal princes in the Western Zhou Dynasty led to the separatist regime of feudal lords, Qin Shihuang insisted on the principle of selecting and appointing officials and demanded that officials be appointed or dismissed in strict accordance with the Law on the Establishment of Officials and the Law on the Removal of Officials. Relatives of the emperor, without merit and ability, have no right to obtain official positions. According to Liu Xiang's Shuo Yuan, Qin Shihuang also had the idea of ceding the throne to a saint, but due to historical conditions, it could not be implemented. Its "public world" heart can be known. Obviously, what Qin Shihuang yearns for is who can truly inherit the cause of unity, county system and rule of law that he is engaged in. As for intimacy, it doesn't seem to matter. Qin Shihuang put his career above everything else, personal reputation, mutual affection between their father and son, and family self-interest, which was rare among the emperors and generals in ancient China. However, Qin Shihuang's contribution to his children was misunderstood by Emperor Liu headed by Liu Bang and his subordinates in the Western Han Dynasty. They said that Qin Shihuang implemented the county system in an all-round way, with "Shu Ren as the son" and "the son as the leader" as "abolishing the royal power and establishing private rights" and "making good use of the interests of the world"? I don't know if they are beating for the status of "ordinary people" and "Guizhou leaders" of Qin Shihuang's sons. Or is Liu Bang laughing at himself that "the son is the king of nine countries" and that "the flesh and blood are less with the same surname"? Liu Ji, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, tried to run counter to the path of Qin Shihuang. He gave his descendants the same surname, "Shandong is the land of princes", and his descendants are the kings of the nine countries. He also believes that the seal is "the same surname and less flesh and blood", and even the princess and nobility should be sealed. Although there are fifteen counties, such as Sanhe and Neishi, which belong to the central government of the Western Han Dynasty, they are also "princesses who eat in the city", similar to the villages in China and the kings among kings. Like a home in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The relationship between Qin Shihuang and his sons, as well as the relationship between Liu Ji and his descendants, the third son of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Yan Ci Wang Dan, was described as follows: "In the past, Qin ruled the life of the world according to the position in the south, threatening the four barbarians, regardless of the flesh and blood, showing the importance of aliens, and there was no imperial clan ... Zhao (the case was Zhao, Zhao De) Gao Di looked at the traces, saw gains and losses, saw right and wrong, and diverted. He is a great-grandchild, based on the branches and leaves of Fu Su, and a different surname is not allowed. " It means that when Qin Shihuang proclaimed himself emperor in the south, he held the destiny of a generation of countries, and the four barbarians looked at the wind and served him. However, because he despised and even weakened his own flesh and blood, he used people with different surnames very much and showed no mercy to the children of the imperial clan. In the end, his descendants became extinct and died with incense. Looking at the success or failure of ancient and modern times, our Emperor Gao realized that Qin Shihuang's practice of "ignoring the same flesh and blood and attaching importance to aliens" was wrong, and decided not to take the road of Qin Shihuang's county system, re-plan and merge the land and cities all over the country, and make Liu's descendants king, so that people with different surnames could not get in the way.