Foreign exchange is the creditor's rights held by the monetary authorities in the form of bank deposits, treasury bonds and long-term and short-term government securities. , which can be used when the balance of payments is in deficit. Conditions include the conditions for opening foreign exchange accounts for current account and capital account.

Foreign exchange mainly includes foreign currency, foreign currency deposits and foreign currency securities. It is an important part of a country's international reserves and the main means of payment to pay off international debts.