1. Treasury bonds are bonds issued by the state, government bonds issued by the central government to raise financial funds, and creditor's rights and debt certificates issued by the central government to investors, promising to pay interest and repay the principal within a certain period of time. Because the issuer of national debt is the country, it has the highest credit and is recognized as the safest investment tool. According to the different issuing areas, national debt can be divided into domestic debt and foreign debt.
Second, the state's foreign debt refers to the debts borrowed by the state abroad, including national debt issued in the international market and loans from foreign governments, international organizations and other non-governmental organizations. A country's foreign debt can be raised by mutual agreement in the currencies of creditor countries, debtor countries or third countries to repay the principal and interest.
Three, China's foreign debt mainly in three ways:
1. government loans obtained according to agreements with foreign governments;
2. It is a loan from an international financial organization;
3. It is to issue bonds abroad.
Four, the issuance of foreign debt, to the fundamental interests of the country, on the basis of national sovereign equality, it is strictly prohibited to borrow foreign debts that undermine national sovereignty. When borrowing foreign debts, we should strive for the most favorable conditions, and the forms of borrowing foreign debts should be flexible, complementary and flexible; Strive for the longest loan period and the lowest interest expense, increase government foreign debt and loans from international financial organizations as much as possible, and reduce commercial loans; Reduce foreign exchange risk.
Five, the national foreign debt management, including foreign debt borrowing, use and repayment. Borrow it for use. Only by making full use of the borrowed foreign debt, forming a good production capacity, obtaining profits and foreign exchange, can the principal and interest be guaranteed. Therefore, the core of national foreign debt management is to make rational use of foreign debt and improve its efficiency.
Sixth, it is necessary to rationally arrange the use direction and structure of borrowing funds, and use them more to strengthen the construction of weak links such as agriculture, energy, transportation, raw materials and education, and develop projects that earn high foreign exchange through exports; The utilization of foreign capital should be combined with the introduction of advanced technology, so as to achieve internal and external integration, give full play to the role of state foreign debt funds, strengthen supervision and management of foreign debt use, and improve the efficiency of foreign debt use.