Reporter Hu Qun
"Running the road" has become the key word of P2P online lending industry recently. Before the explosion of some P2P online lending platforms, the first choice of some platform leaders was not to actively discuss with investors and borrowers, nor to report to the public security organs, but to run away.
As a new channel of financial management, P2P online lending has managed millions of investors, but hundreds of thousands of investors have encountered various platforms such as running the road. In contrast, why do financial institutions such as bank wealth management, trust, fund, securities and insurance seldom say "running away"?
This stems from the imperfection of regulatory measures. Banks, trusts, funds, securities, insurance and other financial institutions have gradually improved their supervision after more than ten years of market development. P2P online lending, as a new financial management method that has grown wildly in recent years, is far from formulating regulatory policies to ensure the healthy development of the industry.
The most typical supervision methods are: asset custody and fund deposit.
Financial institutions such as bank wealth management, trust, fund, securities and insurance all have strict asset custody. Commercial banks with certain qualifications, as custodians, sign entrusted asset custody contracts with customers in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, safely keep entrusted investment assets and perform custodian business.
Regulators have been asking P2P online loans to deposit trading funds or platform-related reserves and risk funds into bank accounts. 2065438+February 22, 2007, the Notice of the General Office of the China Banking Regulatory Commission on Printing and Distributing the Guidelines for the Deposit and Management of Peer-to-Peer Lending Funds showed that the deposit and management of Peer-to-Peer Lending Funds refers to the business in which commercial banks, as depository institutions, accept the entrustment of customers and perform the duties of opening and closing special accounts for the deposit and management of Peer-to-Peer Lending Funds, keeping funds, settling funds, checking accounts and providing information reports. Depositors carry out the fund depository business of peer-to-peer lending, do not provide guarantees or guarantees for peer-to-peer lending transactions, and do not bear the liability for loan default.
The reality is that many banks have no obligation to supervise the flow of funds, and the platform can still withdraw these funds from third parties at any time, resulting in the "deposit without management" of funds. Therefore, depository can not effectively protect investors' capital security, nor can it avoid the occurrence of platform running.
"The rapid development of big data and artificial intelligence will make the core competitiveness of asset custody business develop from the initial competition of channel sales ability to the current competition of custody system functions and custody professional services, and will definitely evolve to custody data mining and custody value-added services in the future. China Merchants Bank took the lead in launching the hosting big data platform, which will provide strong technical support for China Merchants Bank to better adapt to the hosting industry to accelerate competition and deepen service levels. " On July 13, Jiang Ran, General Manager of Asset Custody Department of China Merchants Bank, said at the hosting ceremony of the first big data platform in China.
As the largest joint-stock bank in China, China Merchants Bank has been engaged in asset custody business since 2002. At present, the scale of assets under custody exceeds1200 million, which has precipitated and accumulated massive transaction data and business data. In order to provide better hosting services, fulfill the responsibilities of the custodian and lead the business development with financial technology, China Merchants Bank began to study the hosting big data platform at the end of 20 16, and combined with the bank's hosting business experience and big data development technology, formulated the development plan of China Merchants Bank's hosting big data platform. 2065438+September 2007, Tian Huiyu, President of China Merchants Bank, started the construction of China Merchants Bank's hosting big data platform.
From 2065438 to 2007, Tian Huiyu proposed: give full play to the strength of the whole bank, promote the financial technology strategy with the goal of "networking, data and intelligence", and build a financial technology bank. Hosted big data platform is a self-designed hosting platform that China Merchants Bank applies the latest financial technologies such as distributed computing, real-time processing technology and big data analysis to the hosting business. It is composed of main application systems such as custody business analysis and decision-making system, brand-new risk management system and new generation risk performance evaluation system.
It's not just China Merchants Bank that favors asset custody business. Since 20 12, the growth rate of asset custody in China banking industry has remained above 50%. China Asset Custody Industry Development Report (20 17) shows that by the end of 20 16, the asset custody scale of China's banking industry had reached 12 1.92 trillion yuan, with a compound annual growth rate of 53.06%.
With the release and implementation of the draft new asset management regulations, the scale and income of bank custody will probably run in the middle and low growth range.
But for industry leaders, their advantages are still expected to be maintained. As of May this year, ICBC has carried out business cooperation with more than 5,000 asset management institutions at home and abroad. The customer coverage of the asset management market exceeds 70%, and the custody scale exceeds 16 trillion yuan, ranking first among domestic peers.
China Merchants Bank also hopes to have industry-leading advantages in system architecture, development model, pain point resolution and customer experience by hosting the big data platform.
According to the Economic Observer, blockchain technology is expected to be applied to asset custody.
The White Paper on the Application of Blockchain Finance written by Jingdong Finance Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and China Cloud Computing and Big Data Research Institute shows that the fund custody platform based on blockchain technology can realize real-time information sharing among asset trustors, asset managers, asset custodians, investment consultants and auditors, which not only realizes the automation of the whole process, but also ensures the security of performance and the authenticity of transactions. In practical business, the introduction of blockchain technology is expected to shorten the original business process by 60%-80% and make credit exchange more efficient.
Huang Runzhong, Secretary-General of China Banking Association, pointed out that asset custody is a technology-intensive industry, so we should increase investment in science and technology, especially the application of high and new technologies such as big data, cloud computing, blockchain and artificial intelligence, and build an innovative, scientific, sophisticated and comprehensive custody platform integrating information interaction, business processing, inter-departmental related support and value-added services.
However, at present, the pace of fund deposit and management in P2P online lending banks is slow.
The "20 18 P2P online loan industry semi-annual bulletin" released by the Zero One Finance and Zero One Think Tank shows that by the end of the first half of 20 18, there were at least 909 platforms officially connected with the bank depository system.
By the end of June, there were still more than 1. 8 million P2P online loans in China, that is, nearly half of the platforms in the industry were not included in the bank deposit. But even if the bank funds have been deposited, is the platform funds safe?
However, among the P2P online lending platforms with risks recently, there are also many platforms for bank depository. As of June 26th, 20 18, statistics of Rong 360 Data Research Institute showed that there were 65 platforms with problems in June, among which 7 platforms were online for bank depository.
"If online lending institutions strictly follow the regulatory requirements and strictly implement the deposit of funds in banks, it will effectively avoid risks." Xiao Sa, director of the Bank of China Law Research Association, believes that there is still a certain gap between the deposit of bank funds in P2P online lending and the asset custody of banks, but the innovation of supervision is strengthening and the deposit capacity of banks is also rapidly upgrading. It is expected that with the strengthening of supervision and the standardization of the industry in the future, a model that is more conducive to the steady development of the industry will be explored.