Economic globalization is the product of this process. The economies of various countries have broken through national boundaries, become interdependent and infiltrated each other, and are closely linked in all economic sectors and links, cooperating and adjusting to varying degrees, and developing towards the internationalization of capital, trade and finance.
Transnational corporations are the main manifestations of economic globalization, which promote the rational flow of production factors between countries and promote the development of the world economy. Regional economic collectivization is an integral part of world economic globalization.
2. The instability of global economy will become a normal state.
In the process of economic globalization, the interdependence of countries' economies has been strengthened unprecedentedly. Many countries' dependence on foreign trade has exceeded 30%, and some countries have reached 50-60%. In this environment, international contagion of economic fluctuations and crises has become a routine and inevitable thing.
The internal imbalance of any country will reflect the external imbalance, which will soon affect the countries with which it has close trade and investment relations, and finally it is very likely that all countries will be introduced into the situation of imbalance and crisis to varying degrees.
Thailand's exchange rate crisis from 65438 to 0997 quickly spread to Southeast Asia, South Korea and Japan, thus forming a serious regional financial crisis. Then it spread to Russia and Latin America (once including the United States), forming a de facto global financial turmoil, which is the latest example of the contagion effect of the crisis.
3. The independence of national economic sovereignty is facing an increasingly severe test.
The development of EU economies shows that with the gradual improvement of integration, the independence of economic sovereignty of member States is declining. From the early customs union, unified agricultural product prices and joint floating of exchange rates to the unified financial policy after the emergence of the single currency euro (1.999+0.06 introduced the euro interest rate zone).
All these show that the financial, tax and monetary sovereignty of member States has gradually moved beyond national boundaries to the EU coordination mechanism. This transfer of economic sovereignty has made many member States pay a huge price, and even endangered the survival of the EU economy many times.
4. The global gap between the rich and the poor has further widened.
Economic globalization is essentially a process of global marketization. In this process, competition creates efficiency, while wealth is increasingly concentrated in a few countries or a few interest groups, resulting in a widening gap between the rich and the poor.
According to World Bank statistics, 1983, the per capita GDP of low-income developing countries is 2.4% of that of high-income developed countries, that is, the latter is 43 times that of the former. By 1994, the proportion has dropped to 1.6%, that is, the latter is 62 times that of the former.
Although almost all countries participating in the globalization process have benefited from it to varying degrees, this does not mean that the benefits are shared. Because in fact, developed countries, as the main owners of capital and advanced technology, have always been at the center of globalization. This comparative advantage enables them to take the initiative in pricing and gain more benefits in exchange with developing countries.
For developing countries, development and opportunities coexist.
In the process of economic globalization, developed countries occupy a dominant position, while developing countries are facing opportunities and challenges. For developed countries, economic globalization has brought them far more benefits than developing countries. First of all, the internationally accepted system is dominated by developed countries, and international rules largely reflect the characteristics of their domestic rules, and there is no serious conflict with foreign rules.
Secondly, because of their dominant position in the international system, developed countries can make other countries bear more uncertainties and costs from the conflicts between internal and external systems, thus shifting costs and avoiding risks. In addition, developed countries vigorously develop their advantages and protect their disadvantages through international systems and rules.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Economic Globalization