All kinds of loans borrowed by enterprises from banks or other financial institutions with a term exceeding 1 year are accounted for in the subject of "long-term loans". Short-term loan subjects should be accounted for in detail according to the loan type, lender and currency. In order to reflect the economic business of short-term borrowing, a short-term borrowing account should be set up to calculate the borrower, return and debt of short-term borrowing. Lenders register the number of borrowers, borrowers register the number of repayments, and the balance of lenders indicates the amount of loans that have not been returned.
This course can set up two subsidiary ledgers for short-term RMB loans and short-term foreign exchange loans, and can set up subsidiary ledgers for each creditor to conduct detailed accounting according to the types of loans. All kinds of short-term loans borrowed by enterprises are debited to bank deposit accounts and credited to short-term loan accounts; When returning the loan, make the opposite accounting entries. The accounting of short-term loans mainly includes three aspects: first, the accounting of obtaining loans; Second, the accounting of loan interest; Third, the accounting of loan repayment.
Short-term loans receive interest on a monthly basis, or repay the principal and interest at one time, but the interest amount is not large, and the interest expense can be directly included in the current profit and loss; Short-term loan interest is charged quarterly or semi-annually, or the principal and interest are repaid in one lump sum, but if the interest amount is large, it can be withheld monthly by withholding. When an enterprise returns a short-term loan due, it shall debit the title of "short-term loan" and credit the title of "bank deposit".
On the balance sheet date, the amount of short-term loan interest calculated and determined according to the actual interest rate is debited to financial expenses, interest expenses and other subjects, and credited to interest payable and other subjects. If the actual interest rate is not much different from the nominal interest rate agreed in the contract, the interest expense can also be calculated and determined by using the nominal interest rate agreed in the contract. Interest payable on short-term loans borrowed by enterprises should generally be listed as financial expenses and included in current profits and losses; If individual short-term loans are used to purchase and build assets, the interest before delivery shall be included in the construction in progress as the value of fixed assets.
After delivery, its interest shall still be included in financial expenses and current profits and losses.