Most of the areas where the Tropic of Cancer passes are desert belts, but in East Asia, it is the largest evergreen broad-leaved forest belt in the world. Jiangxi is located in the middle of this area and has become a typical tropical plant kingdom in Central Asia. If we open the genealogy of the whole plant kingdom, all the "generations" of plants gather in Jiangxi. It is considered that the subtropical region of China, represented by Jiangxi, is one of the origin centers of plants in the world. The plants in Jiangxi show the evolutionary history and big families of plants. There are more than 0/00 species of bryophytes and 470 species of pteridophytes in Jiangxi, among which Guanyin lotus in Fujian, Jinmao and Osmunda in South China were all born1200 million years ago and are still thriving and vibrant in Jinggangshan. There are 4,000 species of seed plants, among which wild rice, the ancestor of rice and an excellent breeding material, still grows in Dongyuan Township, dongxiang county at 2814' north latitude, while the northernmost part of the world is 25. Japanese scholars and others have come to Jiangxi to see dongxiang county's respect for wild rice. Among the lower plants, there are three or four hundred species of macrofungi alone. Among woody plants, there are more than 400 species of arbor and Acer, only 3 species in Europe and 44 species in Jiangxi. There are 64 genera of woody plants endemic to China and 19 genera in Jiangxi.
The forest coverage rate in Jiangxi reached 33. 1%, forming a green gene bank. There are 150 kinds of precious, rare and endangered tree species in the whole province. There are many rare plant communities in Jinggangshan. Because the rugged terrain and diverse environment of Jinggangshan have created a comfortable environment for the survival and reproduction of various plants, it has become a godsend refuge and a pleasant paradise. There are more than 3000 kinds of higher plants in Jinggangshan alone. There are 400 species of practical plants, 200 species of fiber plants, 0/00 species of tannin plants, more than 400 species of medicinal plants and more than 0/00 species of wild ornamental plants in starch plants. In recent years, the plants first discovered and named in Jinggangshan are Jinggang Zhu Han, Jinggang Grape, Jinggang Kiwifruit, Jinggang Castanopsis eyrei, Jinggang Banzhu and Jinggang Xiumei. Rare plants, such as mushroom tree, half-maple lotus, fragrant fruit tree, bell calyx tree, cyclocarya paliurus, yew, white bean cedar, purple stem of Tianmu, etc. , are all tree species explicitly protected in China. Jinggangshan is also the world of azaleas. In April and May, azaleas are in full bloom, and the azaleas in Jiangxi, antlers and clouds form a "ten-mile azaleas forest". Flowers are pleasing to the eye, and the fragrance can attack people, enough to make people linger!
Jiulian Mountain is also the cradle of subtropical plants in Jiangxi, the birthplace of East Asian plants and the hotbed of ancient plants. There are more than 2600 kinds of higher plants here, as well as gymnosperms left over from Mesozoic. The yew in the reserve can form a small piece of virgin forest for thousands of years. Precious and rare tree species, such as half-maple lotus and ornamental trees, include both small seedlings and big trees. At the same time, the warm and humid climate makes some tropical plants grow here, such as umbrella-shaped Sapporo maple, Tokyo bakelite native to Tokyo Bay, Abidine maple, hornwood, natural wood, white osmanthus, warbler claw flower, Liriodendron and so on. At the top of Jiulian Mountain, there is a tall tree layer on the front, followed by a shrub layer, and at the bottom, there are more than 60 species of ferns, which like shade and humidity and are born under the forest. There are vines winding and climbing between the layers to communicate with each other.
Wuyishan, located at the junction of Fujian and Jiangxi provinces, is a world-famous origin of biological model specimens, and is known as "the key to studying amphibians and reptiles in the world". The plants on the mountain are also very specific. There are more than 1,000 mu of Cryptomeria fortunei forest, which is the only rare forest in China, with a maximum age of 300 years. Up, on the hillside from 1500 to 1900 meters, you can see 3000 mu of hemlock forest. Are natural treasures of subtropical coniferous forests. In the cloud at an altitude of 2000 meters, white, fragrant and elegant girl flowers are particularly popular. This is an ornamental plant of Magnoliaceae under special state protection. Only scattered in Liaoning, Huangshan and Sanqingshan, Jiangxi, it can't survive when introduced down the mountain, but it is scattered in Wuyishan.
Guanshan Nature Reserve, located in Yifeng County, preserves a complete forest ecosystem in the northern part of the central subtropical zone, echoing Jiulian Mountain and Jinggangshan Mountain. There are evergreen broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest, and there are ornamental trees unique to China, such as Abies spicata forest, as well as wild walnut, Liriodendron chinense, silver magpie, Manglietia, Eucommia ulmoides, Phoebe bournei, Torreya grandis, Cinnamomum camphora, Tan Li and other precious trees.
The area of Phyllostachys pubescens in Jiangxi is more than 7 million mu, with a stock of 760 million, accounting for 25% of the whole country. Fengxin County has an annual output of17 million plants and is known as the "hometown of bamboo". Jiangxi Yulan tablets and lead mountain bamboo rice paper are both traditional products, which enjoy a high reputation at home and abroad.
Jiangxi is rich in camellia resources, with 23 species according to statistics. Camellia oleifera is one of the main edible oil crops in Jiangxi, which contains about 90% unsaturated fatty acids. Long-term consumption can control the increase of cholesterol in human serum, and scientific processing and export expansion can bring a lot of foreign exchange.
Jiangxi is also the hometown and distribution center of Cinnamomum camphora, and also an important base for chemical production of Cinnamomum camphora oil in China. Jiangxi Camphor Factory is the first camphor factory in China, which was established in Ji 'an on 1950. All the camphor oil produced in eleven southern provinces (regions) of China are transferred to Jiangxi for processing, and the annual processing capacity can reach 1600 tons. Cinnamomum camphora is evergreen and fragrant, which can purify and beautify the environment. Jiangxi people also named villages and towns after Cinnamomum camphora, and even chose Cinnamomum camphora as a "provincial tree".
Jiangxi is famous for its medicinal materials. * * * There are more than 500 species of medicinal plants/kloc-0, and there are more than 900 species in Jinggangshan alone. Jiangxi's authentic medicinal materials such as Fructus Aurantii, Herba Menthae, Herba Schizonepetae, Herba Elsholtzia, Fructus Gardeniae and Poria have long enjoyed a good reputation. Hundred taels of gold, Melaleuca, Schisandra, Pyrrosia, Uncaria rhynchophylla and Osmunda are all famous Chinese herbal medicines. Lygodium japonicum can reduce fire. Seven leaves and one flower are special medicinal materials for treating snake wounds. The hemostatic effect of positive Liquidambar formosana and wood is no less than that of Yunnan Baiyao. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb can rejuvenate people. Dioscorea opposita and Plantago asiatica in Taihe County are contraceptive drugs. 1985, which is an excellent nutritional variety and Chinese herbal medicine, can be compared with ginseng without side effects. It has obvious inhibitory effect on liver cancer cells in medicine.