It covers an area of 86,600 square kilometers.
Population 8 million
The capital Baku.
Currency Manat (manat).
1 USD = 4,450 manat
A brief history Azerbaijan, located on the ancient Silk Road, is the gateway from Europe to Asia, and its strategic position is very important. Historically, it has been an area contested by Russia, Turkey and Iran. Azerbaijan was formed in11~13rd century, and was divided between Russia and Iran in 18 13 and 1828. 19 18 On April 28th, the Socialist Republic of Azerbaijan was founded. On February 30th, 1922, 1922 joined the Soviet Union and became a member of the Transcaucasian Federation. 1936 65438+February 5, became a member of the former Soviet Union. On August 30th, 199 1 declared its independence and established the Republic of Azerbaijan. 1993 joined the cis on September 24th.
The current President Aliyev holds political, economic and military power and has absolute authority. The power of the Prime Minister and the Speaker is very limited. Albania's foreign policy leans to the west, actively develops relations with the United States, demands to join NATO, is friendly with neighboring Turkey and Georgia, and has a conflict with Armenia, which is very hostile.
Natural resources are rich in oil and natural gas resources, mainly distributed in the Apsheron Peninsula and the continental shelf of the Caspian Sea. The proven reserves of petroleum are 4 billion tons, characterized by shallow burial and few impurities. At present, there are 54 onshore oil wells18 and offshore oil wells 1385. The initial proven reserves of natural gas are 200 billion cubic meters. In addition, there are iron ore, aluminum ore, copper mine and so on. There are 8.7 million hectares of cultivated land, fresh water and seawater resources, mountains, rivers and forests.
Economic situation: The economy is in a period of transition to a market economy. The national economy is dominated by heavy industry. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the output continued to decline, 1996 stopped falling, and domestic output began to increase again. Investment and foreign trade are increasing. The privatization of land in Albania has been basically completed. The private sector accounts for 55% of GDP. However, it will take time for Albania's economy to fully recover.
In 2000, Albania's GDP was US$ 4.47 billion, an increase of 1 1.3%, and its per capita GDP was US$ 562. The inflation rate is -0.5% and the unemployment rate is 9.4%. At the end of the year, Albania's foreign debt was US$ 654.38 billion, and the national gold foreign exchange reserve was US$ 950 million. The average salary is $45.
By the end of 1999, Afghanistan had attracted 3.4 billion US dollars of foreign investment, including 2.3 billion US dollars in the oil field. The entry of foreign capital accelerated the recovery and development of Albania's economy. However, due to the imperfect legal system and serious corruption, the confidence of foreign investment has been affected to some extent.
Industry: Azerbaijan's economy is dominated by heavy industry. The main industrial sectors in Afghanistan are oil and gas exploration, chemical industry and petrochemical industry, electric power, metallurgy, machinery manufacturing, light industry and food processing. The output value of petroleum industry accounts for more than half of the total industrial output value.
Agriculture: Afghanistan's agriculture is relatively developed, with 654.38+500,000 hectares of arable land and 654.38+300,000 hectares of irrigated land. The agricultural output value is 65,438+10.7% of the GDP in 1999. Agricultural products are mainly cotton, and the planting area of grain, tea, tobacco, fruits and vegetables also accounts for a certain proportion. Animal husbandry products mainly include meat, milk, wool, eggs and so on.
Infrastructure:
(1) Transportation:
Mainly by railway, with a total length of 2090_ km. The expressway is 26,700 kilometers. Due to the shortage of funds, the pavement has been in disrepair for a long time. The total mileage of inland navigation is 500 kilometers. Baku, the main port, is located along the Caspian Sea and is the largest port in the Caspian Sea. Port facilities need development.
Bakubina Airport is an international airport with complete facilities.
Oil pipeline: Baku, Northern Line-Novoroville, Russia.
Baku-Supsa on the Western Front to Georgia
The southern route from Baku to Ceyhan, Turkey via Tbilisi, Georgia is being planned.
(2) Communication: Albania's communication has developed rapidly in recent years. Several telephone offices have installed internationally advanced program-controlled exchanges, and mobile communication has also developed rapidly, providing domestic and international telephone services, as well as telegraph, fax and wireless communication services.
(3) Electricity: there are power stations 17 (8 thermal power stations and 9 hydropower stations).
(4) Water conservancy: Baku has a reservoir with a storage capacity of/kloc-0.86 billion cubic meters, which can supply 832,800 cubic meters of water every day. The waterworks built on this basis can provide 23 cubic meters of clean water every second. Albania has a large reservoir-Minge Chevelle Reservoir, which can guarantee the water supply throughout Albania all year round.
Foreign trade Albania's foreign trade resumed growth from 1996, accounting for 22% of the gross national product.
In 2000, Albania's total foreign trade reached US$ 2.56 billion, an increase of 88. 1% over the previous year. Among them, the export was US$ 65.438+0.62 billion, an increase of 265.438+0.9%, which was mainly caused by the price increase in the international oil market that year; Imports reached 940 million US dollars, up by 10.3%. Albania's main export commodities are oil, natural gas and energy products, accounting for 78.7% of its exports. Imported goods are mainly machinery and processed metals, accounting for 33 1% of the import value, followed by food and tobacco, accounting for 20 1%, and the third place is black and non-ferrous metals.
Top ten foreign trade countries: Italy, Russia, Turkey, the United States, Georgia, Britain, France, Iran, Ukraine and Israel. Top five exporting countries: Italy accounts for 33.7%, Russia accounts for 8.9%, Georgia accounts for 7.7%, Turkey accounts for 7.4%, and France accounts for 6.3%. The top five importers are Russia (2 1.9%), Turkey (13.8%), the United States (8.0%), the United Kingdom (6.5%) and Japan (5.4%).
Albania is now preparing to join the World Trade Organization and has started negotiations with relevant countries.
According to the provisions of the National Registration Law, foreign companies, branches and representative offices registered in Albania need to submit relevant documents to the Ministry of Justice for registration, and the relevant documents need to be confirmed by the consulate or representative consulate of the country where the legal person is located. If there is no local consulate, it will be confirmed in the Albanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The registration period of foreign legal representatives and joint ventures in the Ministry of Justice is 15-20 days. The sole proprietorship enterprise is 10- 15 days. During the registration process, the articles of association of the joint venture or sole proprietorship enterprise and the regulations on the representative offices of foreign legal persons must also be submitted to the Albanian National Bureau of Statistics in order to obtain the serial number of the company. In addition, enterprises must also register with the tax supervision department at the legal address and with the social security fund for employment, the disabled and residents.
Foreign exchange management According to Azerbaijan's foreign exchange management regulations dated 1994 10 and 2 1, Azerbaijan's national bank and the highest authority supervising the use of foreign exchange are stipulated. According to the regulations:
(1) Anyone can bring foreign exchange into the country without restriction, and a natural person can take $5,000 out of the country at one time, of which 1 1,000 can leave the country duty-free and the remaining $4,000 can leave the country after 1% tax, but anyone has the right to bring or remit the foreign exchange declared at the customs. (This article was later amended as: the carrying amount is 65,438+00,000 USD, of which 65,438+0000 USD is taken out duty-free, and the rest can be taken out of the country after paying taxes at 65,438+0%; At present, the relevant departments are planning to increase the carrying amount to $20,000, of which $2,000 is taken out duty-free and the rest is taken out of the country after 1% tax. )
(2) Enterprises or individuals have the right to open foreign exchange accounts in Albanian domestic banks, and enterprises can open foreign exchange accounts abroad according to the relevant regulations of the national banks. Enterprises have the right to conduct foreign exchange transactions without quantitative restrictions. However, both enterprises and individuals must, in accordance with the provisions of the State Bank, buy and sell foreign exchange in the foreign exchange market at home and abroad through authorized agent banks established by the State Bank, and foreign exchange transactions between enterprises and individuals are prohibited.
According to Presidential Decree No.2841February 23rd, 1995, the percentage limit that enterprises must turn over to the national unified foreign exchange fund was cancelled, the foreign exchange market was opened, and foreign exchange was freely traded in Afghanistan.
Living habits of residents Azerbaijanis account for 82.7% of the total population and believe in Islam. Bread is the main food in the diet, and cattle, sheep and chicken are the main non-staple foods. Like Muslims all over the world, they also have their own festivals, such as "ji zi Festival". Have good hygiene habits and dress appropriately. Men can't go out in shorts.
At present, more than half of Azerbaijan's families own private cars, and more than 90% have complete electrical appliances. Home interior decoration is more particular. Most families have carpets, tapestries, like books, and display all kinds of tableware and tea sets, which have a good texture. Meals and tea sets are also the most traditional and exquisite wedding gifts for local brides.
Azerbaijanis are good at singing and dancing, and are proud of their national music and dance. But never dance with the same sex in public.
Azerbaijan is an Asian country located in the east of Transcaucasia, bordering the Caspian Sea in the east, Iran in the south, Armenia and Georgia in the west and Russia in the north.
The climate is diverse, with the dry and humid subtropical climate in the plains and the permafrost climate in the mountains. The average temperature in low-lying areas in July is 25? C~28？ C, 10 month 1 ~ 3? It's windy in Baku all year round, especially in autumn.
There is little rain in summer, and precipitation is concentrated in autumn and winter.
The time in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, is GMT+2 hours, 6 hours later than Beijing time. The local power supply is 220 volts and 50 hertz, and the plug is a European standard two-pin cylinder.
The main festivals in Azerbaijan are (1997):
65438+1 October1New Year
65438+1October 9th Army Day
Ramadan on February 9
65438+ 10 month 18 National Independence Day
International Women's Day
165438+ 10/2 Constitution Day
March 20th ~ 2nd1Spring Festival
165438+1October 17 National Renaissance Day
April 18 Kurban Festival (Easter)
Victory Day on May 9th.
65438+February 3 1 Azerbaijan in the world
May 28th National Day
General situation of China-Arab economic and trade cooperation
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in April 1992, China-Arab economic and trade cooperation has started from scratch, showing an upward trend year by year. The two governments signed a series of economic and trade documents, which provided legal guarantee for economic and trade cooperation. ：
China-Arab Intergovernmental Economic and Trade Agreement (1March 1993)
Agreement on Encouraging and Protecting Investment between Chinese and Arab Governments (1March 1994)
Bank Cooperation Agency Agreement between Bank of China and Arab International Bank (1May 993)
Framework Agreement on China's Provision of 60 Million RMB Loan to Afghanistan (1June 1998)
Protocol between the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of China and the Ministry of Trade of Albania on the Establishment of Economic and Trade Cooperation Committee (1August 1999)
According to our customs statistics, the trade volume between China and Afghanistan in 2000 was US$ 6,654.38+700,000, an increase of 443.8% over the previous year. Among them, I exported 2 19 USD, an increase of 2190,000 USD year-on-year; Imports reached US$ 3.98 million, up by 2578.5%. The main commodities I export to Afghanistan are mechanical equipment, computers and communication equipment, and polyethylene and logs are imported from Afghanistan.
At present, there are only a few Chinese-funded enterprises in Albania, mainly engaged in trade, project contracting, garment processing, catering and so on. And on a small scale. Albania has no investment enterprises in China. My influential projects in Afghanistan are mainly the dormitory project of Baku refinery undertaken by our company.
In 2000, I signed a labor service contract 1 with Albania, with a contract value of USD 4.68 million and a turnover of USD 1 3 1 0,000. At the end of the year, there were 244 foreign laborers.