1, the benchmark interest rate of the People's Bank of China.
2. Whether the liquidity of the bank is sufficient.
3. The amount of liquidity required by the financial market in the short term.
2. Inter-bank lending rate: based on the central bank's refinancing rate and rediscount rate, it is freely determined by both borrowers and lenders according to the degree of social capital shortage and the relationship between supply and demand. Because both borrowers and borrowers are commercial banks or other financial institutions, their credit standing is higher than that of ordinary industrial and commercial enterprises, the lending risk is smaller and the lending period is shorter, so the interest rate level is lower.
I. Definition of overnight lending rate of banks
Interbank lending rate is the interest rate that banks borrow from banks for one day. If it is an individual, it is called a loan. If it is a bank, it is called lending. It refers to the interest rate applicable to short-term interbank lending, usually overnight lending or lending within 1-7 days, which is the most basic and core interest rate in developed money markets.
Second, the purpose of the loan.
1. Lending transactions not only occur between banks, but also between banks and other financial institutions. From the point of view of the purpose of lending, it is not limited to replenishing the deposit reserve and stabilizing the position of bill exchange. Financial institutions can also borrow if there is a temporary shortage of funds in the course of operation.
More importantly, interbank lending has become an effective tool for banks to implement asset-liability management.
3. Due to the short term and low risk of interbank lending, many banks put short-term idle funds into this market, which is conducive to timely adjusting the asset-liability structure and maintaining the liquidity of assets.
4. Small and medium-sized banks, especially those with limited market share and weak ability to bear operational risks, regard the interbank lending market as a regular place to use short-term funds, trying to improve asset quality, reduce operational risks and increase interest income in this way.
It is difficult for the lending market to have a great impact on the bank when the position of the bank is sufficient, but the situation is different now. Some time ago, the central bank just raised the deposit reserve ratio, which led to a very tight bank position. In this case, the interest rate in the lending market will inevitably have a great impact on the daily operation of commercial banks.
Three. Relevant provisions on loan interest rate
1, industry agreement and loan interest rate of Bank of China
Determined by both parties to the transaction, usually based on the London Interbank Offered Rate.
2. Inter-bank loan interest rate:
At present, the interbank lending rate in China is SHIBOR interest rate, that is, Shanghai interbank lending rate.
3. Calculation method:
On each trading day, the National Interbank Funding Center excludes the highest and lowest quotations according to the quotations of each quotation bank, calculates the arithmetic average of the remaining quotations, and obtains the SHIBOR of each term variety, which is released at 1 1: 30. At present, the SHIBOR varieties announced to the public are overnight, one week, two weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 1 year.
SHIBOR quotation bank group is now composed of 65,438+06 commercial banks. The list of the first batch of 16 quotation banks includes four state-owned commercial banks of industry, agriculture, China Construction, six national joint-stock banks of Bank of Communications, China Merchants, China Everbright, CITIC, Xingye and Pudong Development, three city commercial banks of Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing, and "Deutsche Shanghai" and "HSBC Shanghai". These 16 banks are primary dealers in the open market or market makers in the foreign exchange market. They are relatively active in RMB trading and fully disclosed in the China money market.
Four. Interbank Offered Rate refers to the interest rate applicable to short-term interbank lending, usually overnight lending or lending within 65,438+0-7 days. It is the most basic and core interest rate in developed money markets. Many other interest rates are directly or indirectly affected by the change of interbank offered rate, and even its international influence is very strong. Therefore, the interbank lending rate can usually be used as an important reference for a country's interest rate marketization. Generally speaking, liquidity is strong and interest rates are low; Poor liquidity leads to high interest rates.
Five, there are two situations of lending: first, mutual lending between commercial banks; The other is the lending of commercial banks to securities market brokers (notice lending).