The Silk Road is an ancient commercial and trade route on land, which started in ancient China and connected Asia, Africa and Europe. Its original function was to transport silk, porcelain and other commodities produced in ancient China, and later it became the main road of economic, political and cultural exchanges between the East and the West.

1877, German geologist Richthofen named the "Silk Road" from BC 1 14 to AD 127 as "the traffic road between China and Central Asia, and between China and India", which was quickly accepted by the academic circles and the public.

From the mode of transportation, the Silk Road is mainly divided into the land Silk Road and the maritime Silk Road.

The overland Silk Road refers to the Western Han Dynasty (202-8 years ago) when Emperor Wu sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, starting from the capital Chang 'an (Jin 'an), passing through Liangzhou, Jiuquan, Guazhou, Dunhuang, Central Asian countries, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and Syria, reaching the Mediterranean Sea and ending in Rome, with a total length of 6,440 kilometers. This road is considered to be the intersection of ancient eastern and western civilizations connecting Asia and Europe, and silk is the most representative commodity.

The Maritime Silk Road refers to the maritime passage for economic and cultural exchanges between ancient China and other parts of the world, which was first opened in the Qin and Han Dynasties. From Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Ningbo, Yangzhou and other coastal cities, from Nanyang to the Arabian Sea, and even as far as the east coast of Africa, it is the "Maritime Silk Road" for maritime trade.

With the development of the times, the Silk Road has become the general name of all political, economic and cultural exchanges between ancient China and the West. In addition to the "Silk Road on Land" and the "Silk Road on the Sea", there is also the "Grassland Silk Road" that goes north to the Mongolian Plateau, then west to the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain and enters Central Asia.

Second, the background of the times.

Today, the world is undergoing complex and profound changes, the deep-seated impact of the international financial crisis continues to emerge, the world economy is slowly recovering and developing, the international investment and trade pattern and multilateral investment and trade rules are brewing profound adjustments, and the development problems faced by countries are still grim.

* * * Building the "Belt and Road" is dedicated to the interconnection of Asia, Europe, Africa and nearby waters, establishing and strengthening the interconnection partnership of countries along the route, building an all-round, multi-level and compound interconnection network, and realizing the diversified, independent, balanced and sustainable development of countries along the route.

In the past 30 years, China has made great achievements in reform and opening up. At the same time, there are still some problems, such as lack of top-level design, lack of ambition and insufficient attention to improving the international development environment. It is urgent to strengthen the systematic integration of reform and opening-up measures in all aspects.

At present, China's economy is highly correlated with the world economy. China will always adhere to the basic national policy of opening to the outside world, build a new pattern of all-round opening, and deeply integrate into the world economic system. Promoting the "Belt and Road" construction is not only the need for China to expand and deepen its opening up, but also the need to strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation with Asian, European and African countries. China is willing to undertake more responsibilities and obligations within its capacity and make greater contributions to the peaceful development of mankind.

20 15 10 19, the "One Belt, One Road" national statistical development conference was held in Xi, Shaanxi. At the meeting, Wang Baoan, former director of the National Bureau of Statistics, proposed that countries along the Belt and Road should further strengthen government statistical exchanges and cooperation, and strive to provide accurate and reliable statistical data for the sustainable development of all countries.

The 7th1UN General Assembly resolution welcomed the economic cooperation initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative, urged all parties to adopt the Belt and Road Initiative, and called on the international community to provide a safe and secure environment for the Belt and Road Initiative. On 20 16 12 16 (the "Belt and Road" International Day), volunteers from overseas students held a celebration, and flags were flown at half mast at United Nations Headquarters.

Third, the background of China

1, overcapacity, excess foreign exchange assets;

2. China's oil and gas resources and mineral resources are highly dependent on foreign countries;

China's industry and infrastructure are concentrated in coastal areas. If you encounter external attacks, it is easy to lose the core facilities;

4. The overall situation in China's border areas is at its best in history, and the willingness of neighboring countries to strengthen cooperation with China has generally increased.

Extended data

The significance of the Belt and Road:

First, domestic economic and social reforms have entered a deep-water period. At present, the staged feature of China's economy is the superposition of "three phases". The so-called "three phases", that is, the growth rate enters the shift period, which is determined by the objective law of economic development; Structural adjustment is facing a painful period, which is an active choice to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode; The early stage of stimulus policy digestion is the necessary stage to solve the deep-seated contradictions accumulated over the years.

The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee pointed out that to deepen the reform in an all-round way, we must base ourselves on the fact that China has been in the primary stage of socialism for a long time, adhere to the major strategic judgment that development is still the key to solving all problems in China, focus on economic construction, give play to the traction role of economic system reform, promote the adaptation of production relations to productivity, superstructure and economic base, and promote sustained and healthy economic and social development.

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee pointed out that to solve development problems and cultivate development advantages, we must firmly establish and earnestly implement the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and enjoyment. This requires coordinating domestic and international resources and markets to seek new impetus and growth points for economic development.

From "crossing the river by feeling the stones" at the beginning of the reform to actively responding and taking the initiative to attack, it reflects the changes of history and the progress of the times, as well as the complexity of the problem, the great difficulty, the seriousness of the challenge and the arduousness of the task.

Second, the world economy will still show a weak recovery. Since the international financial crisis in 2008, the global industrial structure has entered a period of deep adjustment, the recovery of the world economy is slow, the phenomenon of insufficient total demand and low long-term growth rate in developed economies coexist, and it is difficult to effectively curb the downward trend of the overall growth rate of emerging economies.

In particular, it is difficult to fundamentally reverse the low growth of global trade. Since the international financial crisis, the growth rate of world goods export has recovered from 20 10 to about 20% of 201. From 20 12, the growth rate of world goods exports dropped sharply, and it remained at around 3% from 20 12 to 20 14. 20 15 the global trade downturn has further deteriorated, and the global export of goods has experienced a significant negative growth.

The new changes in the world economic situation have brought a complex and profound impact on China's participation in international economic cooperation and competition, and put forward new and higher requirements for improving the strategic layout of opening up. We must clearly understand the situation, enhance our sense of urgency and mission, constantly improve the layout of opening up and foreign trade and investment, and better promote economic and social development.

It needs to be recognized that the Belt and Road Initiative is an important measure for China to implement all-round opening-up under the new historical conditions, and an important platform for achieving mutual benefit and win-win results. With a higher position and a broader vision, we should do all the work with innovative ideas and innovative thinking on the basis of absorbing and drawing lessons from historical experience, so that people from all countries along the route can truly feel the benefits brought by the Belt and Road.

Third, the competition for establishing a new international political and economic order is more intense. On the premise of adhering to the Five Principles of Peace, China put forward the new-type relations between major powers, the neighboring diplomatic concept of "sincerity and tolerance" and the Silk Road spirit of "peaceful cooperation, openness and tolerance, mutual learning and mutual benefit".

Building the "Belt and Road" will bring China closer to the world, promote more countries and regions to carry out all-round cooperation, and * * * overcome difficulties and * * * create brilliance. This fully reflects China's image as an active participant in international affairs and a responsible big country, and shows that China will shoulder its due responsibilities and obligations within its capacity and make greater contributions to world peace, prosperity and stability.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Belt and Road