What are the factors for the success of the reform? (1) The comprehensive reform process from rural areas to cities, from the 1980s? Shenzhen speed? By the' 90s? Pudong changes? , and then the sudden emergence of Bohai Rim region in 2 1 century; Over the past 30 years, China has made a new historic breakthrough in reform and opening up, from coastal opening, the rise of central China to the development of the western region. This is the Shanghai Pudong World Financial Center and Jinmao Tower, which were shot on August 28th, 2008. Xinhua News Agency (photo)
Reform and opening up in the eyes of a French citizen: China people will live better.
Feel China's reform and opening up: Without reform and opening up, everything is possible.
Step by step is an important factor for the success of China's reform and opening up.
Xinhuanet Moscow 65438+1October 8th, by reporter Sun Ping Liu Yang? Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the people of China have made remarkable achievements. Are you online? Cross the river by feeling the stones? Under this guiding ideology, China succeeded step by step. Titarenko, chairman of the Russian-Chinese Friendship Association and director of the Far East Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, said in an exclusive interview with Xinhua News Agency a few days ago. He believes that gradual progress is an important factor for the success of China's reform and opening up.
From 65438 to 0957, Titarenko came to China for the first time and entered a special class in Peking University to study Chinese. Since then, he has visited China many times and has deep feelings for China. He has studied China for 50 years and has long been concerned about the practice of reform and opening up in China.
Titarenko said that the Soviet Union was cautious about China's reform and opening-up policy. Later, with the improvement of state relations and the increasing development of China, Russians are more and more optimistic about China's reform and opening up. He said that the reform and opening-up policy is a hard work. At the end of 1970s, the leaders and people of the older generation in China made great efforts to explore the road suitable for the development of the country, and the discussion on the standard of truth appeared in China, which liberated people's minds. And what about the Beijing Olympic Games 30 years later? Is a concentrated expression of the achievements of reform and opening up? .
Titarenko believes that the strong leadership of China's * * * production party ensures the smooth progress of reform and opening up. Practice has proved that powerful political forces can solve problems closely related to social interests. Innovation is the most important feature of China Party and government. The ability and determination of innovation enable the party and the government to carry out sustained and in-depth changes in all fields of social life.
Titarenko believes that the China government adopts a step-by-step approach in implementing the policy, ensuring that the vast majority of ordinary people understand the significance of the policy, giving full consideration to people's tolerance for change, and convincing everyone that the difficulties are temporary and can be overcome. ? The gradual progress of reform and opening up determines comprehensive theoretical research and small-scale experimental inspection, which is an important factor for success. Titarenko stressed.
Titarenko also said that in his eyes, China, an ancient country that gave birth to Confucianism and Taoism, has now stood in a prominent position on the world stage, but it has never been ambitious and has always maintained a polite manner.
What are the successful factors of reform (II): Summary of the four steps of reform and opening up.
The forming process of China's new pattern of opening to the outside world can be divided into four steps.
Establish a special economic zone
The first step is to establish special economic zones. 1In July, 1979, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council decided to implement special policies and flexible measures for the foreign economic activities of Guangdong and Fujian provinces according to their proximity to Hong Kong and Macao, large number of overseas Chinese, abundant resources and convenience in attracting foreign investment, so as to give local governments more autonomy, give full play to their advantages, seize the favorable international situation at that time and take the first step to promote economic development as soon as possible. 1980 in may, the central government decided to set aside some areas in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen to carry out pilot projects of special economic zones. 1983 In April, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council approved the Summary of Discussions on Accelerating the Development and Construction of Hainan Island and decided to implement preferential policies for special economic zones in Hainan Island. 1988 In April, the first meeting of the Seventh National People's Congress formally adopted two decisions to establish Hainan Province and Hainan Special Economic Zone, and Hainan Island became the largest special economic zone in China. The establishment of special economic zones has taken the first step of China's opening to the outside world. Deng Xiaoping evaluates special economic zones? It is a window, a technical window, a management window, a knowledge window and a foreign policy window. ?
coastal city
The second step is to open coastal port cities. 1In May 1984, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council approved the Minutes of the Symposium on Some Coastal Cities and decided to open all coastal port cities in China from north to south, including Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Tianjin, Yantai, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Nantong, Shanghai, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Zhanjiang and Beihai *** 14. In April, at the proposal of Deng Xiaoping, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council officially announced the major decision to develop and open Pudong, with the goal of building Pudong into a symbol of modern Shanghai in this century? Build Shanghai into an international financial, trade and economic center. Coastal open cities are the combination of domestic economy and world economy, and the intersection of foreign economic and trade activities and domestic economic cooperation, which directly affects the development of national reform and opening up.
Open economic zone
The third step is to establish coastal economic open zones. 1In February, 985, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council approved the Minutes of the Symposium on Southern Fujian Yangtze River, Pearl River Delta and Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou Triangle, and divided the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Southern Fujian Triangle into coastal economic open areas, pointing out that this is an important strategic layout for invigorating the economy at home and opening up to the outside world. At the beginning of 1988, the central government decided to open Liaodong Peninsula and Shandong Peninsula, connecting them with Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Tianjin, Yantai and Qingdao to form an open area around Bohai Sea. The Central Committee also proposed to form an integrated production structure of trade, industry and agriculture in these economically open areas.
Open cities along the Yangtze River and inland border areas.
The fourth step is to open cities along the Yangtze River and inland and border areas. Since 1990s, the pace of China's opening to the outside world has gradually extended from coastal areas to cities along the Yangtze River and inland and border areas. 1In June, 1992, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council decided to open five cities along the Yangtze River: Wuhu, Jiujiang, Yueyang, Wuhan and Chongqing. Opening up along the Yangtze River has greatly promoted the rapid economic development of the whole Yangtze River basin and the formation of a new pattern of all-round opening up in China. Soon, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council approved Hefei, Nanchang, Changsha, Chengdu, Zhengzhou, Taiyuan, Xi, Lanzhou, Yinchuan, Xining, Urumqi, Guiyang, Kunming, Nanning, Harbin, Changchun and Hohhot as inland open cities. At the same time, China has gradually opened its inland border cities, including Heihe, Suifenhe, Hunchun, Manzhouli, Erenhot, Yining, Bole, Tacheng, Pulan, Zhangmu, Ruili, Wan Ding, Hekou, Pingxiang and Dongxing. The opening of cities along the Yangtze River and inland and border areas is the fourth step of China's opening to the outside world.
By 1993, after years of opening-up practice, constantly summing up experience and improving policies, China's opening-up has been promoted from south to north and from east to west, basically forming? Special economic zones, open coastal cities, open coastal economic zones, open cities along the Yangtze River, open inland cities and open cities along the border? Such a wide-ranging, multi-level, focused and all-round new pattern of opening up. At this point, China's open cities have spread all over the country, and China has truly entered a new era of reform and opening up.
What are the successful factors of reform (3): Three turning points of reform and opening up. China has made great achievements in reform and opening up. Through this great reform and opening up, three great turning points have been realized: the first great turning point is the transformation from a highly centralized planned economic system to a socialist market economic system full of vitality and vitality; The second great turning point is from a closed and semi-closed society to an all-round open society; The third major turning point is that the people's life has changed from food and clothing to a basic well-off society, and then gradually to prosperity. Without reform and opening up, it is impossible to realize the three major changes. Therefore, the reform and opening up proposed by the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee is a key choice for the fate of contemporary China.
Reform and opening up is the only way to develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It is pointed out that only reform and opening up can develop China, socialism and Marxism. I said these two paragraphs, highly summarized why the reform, why the reform is the only way, why is the destiny choice of contemporary China. Without reform and opening up, it is impossible to develop China, socialism and Marxism. Therefore, we should deeply understand this highly theoretical generalization put forward by the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee.
Our 30-year reform and opening-up has a far-reaching impact not only in China, but also internationally. Now, according to GDP, China ranks fourth in the world. Some people say that they will catch up with Germany soon. According to PPP (purchasing power evaluation), according to the figures published by the World Bank, China ranks second in the world, because the purchasing power evaluation in the world is about 55 trillion US dollars, and that in China is about 5 trillion US dollars, accounting for about 9% of the world. It shows that the proportion of China in the international economy has greatly increased. At present, China's foreign exchange reserves have reached more than 654.38+0.4 trillion, ranking first in the world. The reason for this change is the result of reform and opening up.
The 30-year reform has two obvious characteristics. First, the reform under the leadership of the Party is to improve socialism. Every major reform decision is made by the central government through decision-making, which shows that the party is actively promoting reform. Second, our reform is gradual, not in one step like some countries. Comrade Xiaoping said that we should cross the river by feeling the stones. In this case, our risk is less, the experiment is successful, and it is promoted throughout the country. If not, we will stop. Therefore, in this case, from the perspective of the reform process, this feature is also very prominent. Of course, when the reform reaches a certain level, it is necessary to break through and speed up the pace. Of course, we should learn a lesson from history: the Great Leap Forward. At the same time, we should seek truth from facts and base ourselves on the national conditions; To maintain a stable development speed, we must also take into account the development of productive forces and let China develop rapidly on the road of reform and opening up.