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Currency name: Rwanda franc.

Exchange rate (1997): 1 USD =30 1.53 Rwandese francs.

Inflation rate (1997): 10.438+0%

resources

The only minerals that have been mined are tin, tungsten, niobium, tantalum, beryl and gold. Tin reserves are about 654.38+ten thousand tons. Peat reserves are estimated at 30 million tons. The natural gas reserves of Lake Kivu are about 60 billion cubic meters. Nia Cabango tungsten mine is the largest tungsten mine in Africa. Forest covers an area of about 620,000 hectares, accounting for 29% of the country's land area. It is one of the important natural resources in Rwanda.

Industry and mining

According to the development report of African Development Bank 1999, the gross industrial and mining output value of 197 is 8190,000 USD, accounting for 45% of the GDP. Among them, the manufacturing output value is 346 million US dollars, accounting for 19% of GDP. The industrial employment population is about 6.5438+0.4 million. Before the civil war, there were more than 220 industrial enterprises, including factories that processed agricultural and livestock products such as coffee and tea, and factories that produced cigarettes, drinks, matches, paper, soap, batteries and cement. Most industrial products depend on imports. 1990 the national power generation was 78.29 million kwh, and 95.68 million kwh needed to be imported every year. Hydropower accounts for 54.65% of the annual electricity consumption. Kalumasi Smelter is one of the largest tin smelters in Africa. 1994 the civil war destroyed 80% of Rwanda's electricity production capacity and caused great losses to its industry. By the end of 1998 and 10, the industry had recovered to 78% of the pre-war output.

Agriculture and animal husbandry

According to the development report of African Development Bank 1999, the total output value of agriculture and animal husbandry in 1997 was 682 million US dollars, accounting for 37.5% of the GDP. The cultivated land area in China is about 6.5438+0.85 million hectares, and the cultivated land area is 6.5438+0.2 million hectares. The main food crops are corn, sorghum, rice, potatoes, beans and plantains. Cash crops mainly include coffee, tea, cotton, pyrethrum and cinchona, most of which are used for export. More than 50% farmers own less than 65,438+0 hectares of land, while the rest farmers, especially refugees returning from the war, cultivate state-owned land and pay taxes to the state. Overcultivation, soil erosion and shrinking forest area have worsened the agricultural situation in Rwanda. 194 The civil war caused 500,000 deaths, and 2 million people became refugees and fled to other places, resulting in barren farmland and destruction of agricultural and animal husbandry production. During the period of 1998, affected by heavy rain, grain production suffered serious losses and there was a grain shortage. By the end of 1998 10, agriculture had recovered to 86% before the war.

Before the war, animal husbandry was relatively developed, and natural pastures accounted for 1/3 of the country's total area. 199 1 number of main livestock: 630,000 cows, 0.39 million pigs, 393,000 sheep and 0.50 million goats. The annual catch is 5000 tons.

transport

There is no railway in Rwanda, and the traffic depends entirely on roads and air.

Import and export goods passage

First, from Kigali to Mombasa Port in Kenya via Uganda, the whole journey1721km; Second, from Kigali to Bujumbura, Burundi, and then from Kigoma, Tanzania to Dar es Salaam port by railway, the whole journey is1.762km; Thirdly, the railway from Kigali to Su Ru reaches the port of Dar es Salaam via Ithaca, with a length of 65,438+638 km. During the war, Kigali International Airport was once closed and traffic in some areas was interrupted.

highway

The total length is 206,340 kilometers, of which the trunk line is 640 1 km and the branch line is199,939 km. 199 1 year, and the road freight volume is 216,676 tons. 1992, there were 27 motor vehicles 44 1, including trucks 1633, cars 8088 and buses 184. 1994 during the civil war, most of the above vehicles were destroyed or driven to neighboring countries. At present, commercial transportation is mainly controlled by private individuals.

airlift

Before the war, the national airline owned a Boeing 707 cargo plane and several small passenger planes, and had regular flights to Tanzania, Burundi and Zaire. There is an international airport in the capital, which can take off and land Boeing 747 and other large passenger planes. Airlines from Belgium, France, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Cameroon, Burundi and Zaire have flights in Rwanda. Rwanda's air transport was interrupted during the civil war. After the war, Kigali International Airport reopened soon. Belgian Airlines resumed flights to Rwanda, making it very convenient to reach Kampala, Nairobi and Bujumbura from Kigali. Rwanda National Airlines has a small passenger plane with 20 seats, mainly flying from Kigali to Kampala, Bujumbura and Dar es Salaam. 1998, Rwanda's national airline was renamed Rwanda United Airlines and partially privatized. In June 5438+10, RwandAir, a private airline with 78 Boeing jets, was established.

Finance and money

Extremely difficult. After the failure of the former government, it swept away all the property and funds of the country. At present, the National Bank of Rwanda has no reserves, and the salaries of government officials are also in question.

According to the development report of African Development Bank 1999, the total foreign debt is116 billion US dollars, accounting for 62.6% of GDP. From 1980 to 1990, the average annual growth rate of principal and interest is 96.2%, from 199 1 997 to 1997, reaching 2948.4%. It ranks second in Africa, after Somalia. 1998 foreign exchange reserve is $654.38+453 million.

foreign trade

Long-term deficit in foreign trade before the war. Implement a system of issuing import and export trade licenses freely. From 65438 to 0997, Rwanda's total export value was1.20 million US dollars, and its total import value was 493 million US dollars. The deficit was $373 million, about 3. 1 times of the total export.

Before the war, Rwanda mainly exported coffee, tea, tin ore and other agricultural and sideline products, of which coffee and tea played an important role. Rwanda's main imported products are fuel, vehicles, machinery, electrical appliances, building materials and textiles. The main export targets are Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. The main importing countries are Belgium, Kenya, South Africa and France.

foreign aid

1995 The official development assistance provided by the recipient countries is 7 109 million US dollars, including 375,438+million US dollars in bilateral aid and 373.2 million US dollars in multilateral aid. The main donors and international organizations are the United States, Germany, Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium, UNHCR, UNESCO and the European Union. According to the statistics of the African Development Bank, 1985 ~ 1997, Rwanda * * * received various foreign aid of US$ 2,430.4 billion.

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Good natural conditions, fertile land, abundant rainfall and suitable climate. Agriculture and animal husbandry are dominant in the national economy, accounting for 70% of GDP and 95% of export income respectively, and food is more than self-sufficient. The industry is backward, the number of enterprises is small, the equipment is poor and the operating rate is low. Foreign trade plays an important role in the national economy.

Ukraine is one of the least developed countries in the world announced by the United Nations. Due to years of war, the economy was once on the verge of collapse. 1986 After RENAMO came to power, it implemented a pragmatic and prudent economic development policy, actively carried out structural adjustment, gave priority to the development of agriculture, reorganized state-owned enterprises, fostered the private economy and promoted free trade. Since 199 1, the economy has grown at an average annual rate of 7%, ranking first among sub-Saharan African countries and being listed as a model of structural adjustment plan by the World Bank. In the fiscal year of 1999/2000, Ukraine's economic restructuring was further deepened and the privatization process was accelerated. International financial institutions and donor countries continue to allocate funds to Ukraine and promise to substantially reduce its debts in order to maintain the macroeconomic situation in Ukraine. However, due to rising international oil prices, low prices of major export products such as coffee, and excessive military expenditure caused by sending troops to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the economic growth rate of Uzbekistan is still lower than expected.

The main economic figures of 1999/2000 fiscal year are as follows (official statistics of Ukraine):

Gross domestic product: about 61.1.50 billion USD.

Per capita GDP: $279

GDP growth rate: 5.8%

Inflation rate: 3.1%(August 2000)

External debt: $3.07 billion

Foreign exchange reserves: US$ 720 million

Currency name: Uganda shilling

Exchange rate: 1 USD = 1850 Uganda shillings (2000: 165438+ 10).