1883 April 19 was born in a big herdsman's family in San Boria, rio grande do sul. He served in military service from 65438 to 0898 and later served as a lawyer. From 65438 to 0909, he entered the political arena and successively served as a state legislator, a federal legislator, a federal finance minister and a governor of rio grande do sul. 1930, he failed to participate in the presidential election as a candidate of the liberal alliance, so he launched a coup with the support of the military "Wei Guan faction" and overthrew the military autocratic government representing the interests of the big manor owners and the big bourgeoisie, and became the president of the interim government on 165438+ 10. From 1930 to 1945, he ruled Brazil 15 with an iron fist. Vargas is a politician full of contradictions. On the one hand, he strongly opposed * * *, banned the Brazilian * * * production party and put its leaders in prison. On the other hand, he also paid attention to protecting the interests of workers, and stipulated in the Constitution the minimum wage for workers, the eight-hour working system and the recognition of trade unions. It is forbidden to employ child workers during paid holidays, and the employing unit shall not dismiss the workers without reason. During the period of 15, the foundation of Brazil's modern industry was established, such as the famous iron ore in Vale (more than 20 million tons of iron ore were exported to China in the second century of15), Brazil's national iron and steel company, and some large hydropower stations. 1934 in July, the new constitution was promulgated, which stipulated for the first time that women had the right to vote. He put forward plans to promote the development of Brazil's national capitalist economy, such as the nationalization of underground resources, 1937, 165438+ 10. He used the social "riots" as an excuse to dissolve the Congress, abolish the Brazilian 1934 Constitution, formulate a new constitution, and establish a totalitarian government called "new country". Then all political party activities were banned, which cracked down on local oligarchs and consolidated their dominant position. Vargas adopted the policy of giving priority to the development of national industries and diversification of agricultural economy, which nearly doubled the number of newly-built industrial enterprises in Brazil in 1930s compared with the previous 10 year. He also paid attention to the protection and development of national resources, put forward the slogan of "marching to the west", carried out educational reform and implemented social insurance in order to win the support of the people. At the beginning of World War II, Vargas government held a neutral attitude; Later, he stood on the side of the Allies and declared war on German and Italian fascists. He took advantage of the busy war in imperialist countries to accelerate the development of their own economy, raise tariffs, restrict foreign exchange, buy agricultural products, nationalize many important enterprises and encourage the development of national industries. After 1943, with the continuous victory of the international anti-fascist war and the upsurge of the domestic democratic movement, a series of democratic measures were taken, such as pardoning political prisoners, allowing political parties to participate in activities, agreeing to hold general elections, and diplomatic relations were established with the Soviet Union in April 1945. These measures have aroused the dissatisfaction of American monopoly capital and domestic conservative forces. 1945 In March, the Brazilian Labor Party was founded. 1945 10/0 In October, soldiers who supported democratic elections staged a coup, surrounded government institutions and forced Vargas to hand over the presidency. 195 1 year, Vargas came back and won the general election, and was elected president at the age of 68. In this position, he restricted the import trade and profit remittance of foreign companies, promoted the nationalization movement of oil and electricity, and emphasized the development of basic industries. The establishment of a national oil company to exclusively exploit Brazilian oil has aroused strong dissatisfaction from multinational companies; The minimum wage of workers has been raised by 150%, which has aroused strong dissatisfaction from employers. 1On August 2, 954, a political murder occurred in Rio de Janeiro. A leader of the opposition party was injured in the foot and a member of his entourage was killed. Police investigations revealed that the security chief of Vargas Presidential Palace was suspected of murder. Incited by the United States, the opposition party took this opportunity to make a fuss. Twenty-two days later,1on August 24th, 954, Vargas shot himself in the heart with a pistol after writing his will, and died at the age of 7 1.