Question 1
1. What are the specific contents of information literacy or quality?
Information literacy refers to the consciousness, attitude and concept that users gradually form by using modern science and technology represented by computer and its network technology in the process of learning and growing up, and the ability to obtain, identify, process, transmit and create information and use it to solve practical problems. It includes strong information consciousness, systematic information concept and comprehensive information ability.
2. The concepts of information, knowledge, intelligence and literature? What are the elements of literature?
Concept of information: 1. Information is an object entity formed by processing the original materials collected from natural phenomena and social phenomena and finding out the relationship between them according to certain purposes and needs.
2. Information is meaningful, processed and valuable data for decision-making, that is, information = data+processing.
3. Information is a physical object that people systematically organize, sort out and analyze data to make it relevant, but it has nothing to do with the behavior of specific users. Information can be digitized.
The concept of knowledge: knowledge refers to the cognition gained by people in understanding and transforming the world, including the cognition gained through reading and learning, and the sum of all experiences accumulated through their own or others' experiences.
The concept of intelligence: information that people use, feel and communicate.
The concept of literature: it is all the carriers to record knowledge.
Document elements: It includes not only all collections of modern libraries, but also all collections of archives, museums, audio-visual halls and information centers.
3. What types of information and information resources include?
1) Types of information: According to the nature of the objects that generate information, it can be divided into natural information (instantaneous sound, light, heat, electricity, various weather changes, slow crustal movement, celestial evolution, etc. ) and biological information (various forms and behaviors of organisms for reproduction and survival, such as genetic information, information exchange within organisms and information exchange within animal populations). According to the carrier to which information is attached, it can be divided into document information, oral information, electronic information, biological information and so on.
Types of information resources: According to different storage media, information resources can be divided into printed information resources, electronic information resources, digital information resources and multimedia information resources.
4. What types of documents are there? What is the basis for classifying documents into these types?
1) is divided according to carrier material, storage technology and transmission mode.
It can be divided into: printed, miniature, audition and machine-readable literature information sources.
2) Depending on the degree of treatment.
It can be divided into: primary document information sources, secondary document information sources and tertiary document information sources.
3) According to the content of literature information sources.
It can be divided into: books, periodicals, newspapers, scientific and technological reports, government publications, conference documents, patent documents, dissertations, standard documents, archive documents, product samples, etc.
5. What is the type of database? What are the characteristics of network resources?
Database types: online database, CD-ROM database and network database.
What are the characteristics of network resources: huge quantity and rapid growth; Rich in content and diverse in forms; Frequent changes and different values; The structure is complex and widely distributed; Information is scattered, out of order, etc.
6. What is a "core journal"? What are the core journals of this major?
The definition of core journals is that in a certain discipline, a few journals cover most of the literature of the discipline, while most journals only contain a small amount of literature of the discipline, and these few journals are the core journals of the discipline.
The core journals of this major are: politics and law, global law review, contemporary law and law.
7. What is information retrieval? What types are there?
Definition: It is a process of comparing the characteristics of users' questions with the characteristics of data sources through certain methods and means, and then extracting consistent or relatively consistent information for users to use.
Type: literature retrieval, data retrieval and fact retrieval.
8. Briefly describe the principle of information retrieval.
The essence of information retrieval is a matching process, that is, the process of matching the subject concept or retrieval expression needed by information users with the system language of an information system. If there is a match, the required information will be checked, otherwise the retrieval will fail.
9. What is a computer information retrieval system? It consists of several parts.
Computer information retrieval system is a retrieval method that uses computers and certain communication equipment to find needed information. The retrieval system is a system that combines human design operation and computer automation processing.
Components: CD retrieval system, online retrieval system and network retrieval system.
10. What are the computer information retrieval technologies?
Boolean retrieval, vector space retrieval, fuzzy set retrieval, probability retrieval and full-text retrieval have developed into hypertext retrieval and are developing towards intelligence.
1 1. In terms of appearance and content characteristics, what are the types of retrieval languages? A simple search formula is given for different features.
The retrieval language that describes the external characteristics of information includes title (title, journal name, article name), author name \ company name, published project, code \ serial number (such as patent number, report number, standard number) and so on. Used as a retrieval symbol is simple and clear.
The retrieval languages that describe the characteristics of information content include classified language and topic language, and topic language can be divided into keyword language, unit word language, title word language and narrative language.
12. Why do you want to create a retrieval language? What types does it have? Compare the advantages and disadvantages of classified language and topic language.
1) retrieval language refers to a special language used to describe the content characteristics and external characteristics of information in information systems and to express users' information problems in order to facilitate the retrieval of documents.
2) Type: according to whether the retrieval language is controlled or not, it can be divided into artificial language and natural language, according to the implementation of retrieval, it can be divided into the first group and the second group, and according to the different characteristics of information, it can be divided into the retrieval language describing the external characteristics of information and the retrieval language describing the content characteristics of documents.
13, the methods and approaches of information (literature) retrieval, and discuss the retrieval steps in detail?
1. Analyze the research topic and define the retrieval requirements: analyze the main content of the topic, determine the literature type of the topic, determine the retrieval time range, and analyze the retrieval evaluation requirements of users.
2. Selection of retrieval tools: According to the requirements of retrieval subject, select the retrieval reference books that can best meet the retrieval requirements, and choose different databases for different data types.
3. Determine the retrieval strategy: determine the retrieval approach and formulate the retrieval strategy.
4. Adjust the retrieval scheme: after determining the specific retrieval method, use the used database to search within a certain age range to obtain literature clues. Users make judgments on each retrieval result and make corresponding modifications and adjustments to the retrieval strategy until satisfactory results are obtained.
5. Obtain the original text: directly obtain it by full-text database, obtain it by document delivery system, use the original text service of abstract database, and use OPAC retrieval system for interlibrary loan.
14. What are the literature clues? List the clues of the above different literature types (journal papers, conference papers, books, standards, etc. ).
Literature clue: The concept of literature retrieval can be divided into narrow sense and broad sense.
In a narrow sense, retrieval refers to the process of finding and obtaining specific related documents from a large number of organized related literature collections according to certain methods. The literature collection here is not the literature itself, but the information or clues about the literature. If we really want to obtain the information recorded in the literature, we should also obtain the original text according to the literature clues obtained by retrieval.
Generalized retrieval includes two processes: information storage and retrieval. Information storage means that staff collect a large amount of disordered information, sort, condense and index it according to the appearance and content characteristics of information sources, so as to make it systematic and orderly, and build a retrieval tool or retrieval system with retrieval function according to certain technical requirements for people to retrieve and use. And retrieval refers to the use of compiled retrieval tools or retrieval systems to find out specific information that meets the requirements of users.
15. Briefly describe the collection resources of Superstar Electronic Library, Scholar's Home Digital Library, China Academic Journal Full-text Database, VIP Chinese Sci-tech Journal Database and Wanfang Digital Journal.
1), Superstar Electronic Library: The collection of electronic books is rich in content, including more than 50 disciplines such as classical theory, philosophy, social science, economy, language, literature, mathematics, physics and chemistry, biology, industrial technology and computer. At present, there are 800,000 Chinese e-books, 3 million papers and more than 400 million full-text books, and they are constantly updated and increased every day.
2) Scholar's House Digital Library: It mainly includes new books published after 1999, and its collection is more than half of the new books published every year in China. At present, it has150,000 books, with a considerable number and complete disciplines.
3) Full-text Database of China Academic Journals: The products of this database are divided into ten photo albums: Science and Technology A, Science and Technology B, Science and Technology C, Agriculture, Medicine and Health, Literature, History and Philosophy, Politics, Military and Law, Education and Social Science Synthesis, Electronic Technology and Information Science, Economy and Management. The album is divided into several topics, *** 168 topic.
4) VIP Chinese sci-tech periodical database: According to China Library Classification, all documents are divided into eight volumes: social science, natural science, engineering technology, medicine and health, agricultural science, economic management, educational science and library information. These 8 albums are subdivided into 36 topics.
5) Features of Wanfang Digital Journals: At present, more than 70 kinds of science, engineering, agriculture, medicine and humanities have been collected, and more than 2,500 kinds of core journals of science and technology have been realized online. Periodicals included in the system include seven categories: basic science, agricultural science, social science, philosophy, politics and law, medicine and health, education, literature and art, economy and finance.
16. In this paper, two databases, "China Academic Journals Full-text Database" and "VIP Chinese Sci-tech Journals Database", are combined to discuss their respective "advanced retrieval" methods.
1), the method of "advanced retrieval" of VIP Chinese sci-tech periodical database: open VIP database, click advanced retrieval, enter keywords, authors, classification numbers, institutions and publication names, expand the retrieval conditions, such as time conditions, professional restrictions and periodical scope, and then click retrieval.
2) The method of "advanced retrieval" for full-text database of China academic journals: Open China HowNet, click Advanced Retrieval, enter full-text database of China academic journals, input retrieval control conditions, such as publication time and annual support fund of journals, and then input content retrieval conditions.
17. Briefly describe the characteristics and functions of special documents and the structure of academic papers.
Features: Special distribution channels and different forms have special value that other documents can't replace.
Function: transmitting scientific and technological information
Structure: Generally speaking, an academic paper consists of eight necessary components, of which the front part includes title, author, abstract and keywords, and the main part includes introduction, text, conclusion and references.
18. What are the types of grading standards? What are the grades of China standard? What symbols are used respectively?
Classification: 1) can be divided into international standards, regional standards, national standards, industry standards, local standards and enterprise standards according to the scope of use.
According to the binding nature of standards, they can be divided into mandatory standards and non-mandatory standards.
China: national standard GB industry standard FZ local standard DB enterprise standard Q.
2) A complete classification number consists of symbols representing departments, categories, subcategories, groups or groups. For example: A0 1B 1/02.
-department a
—— category A0 1
-subclass A0 1B
-group A0 1B 1/00.
-group A0 1B 1/02
classify
-Part A: Life needs
-part b: homework; transport
-part c: chemistry; metallurgy
-part d: textiles; make paper
-part e: fixed buildings
-part f: mechanical engineering; Lighting; Heating; explosion
-part g: physics
-part h: electricity
19, the respective meanings of novelty, creativity and practicality of patents, and the types of patents protected in China.
1. Novelty means that before the filing date, no identical invention or utility model was published in domestic and foreign publications, used in China or known to the public in other ways, and no identical invention or utility model was filed by others with the the State Council Patent Administration Department and recorded in the patent application documents published after the filing date.
2. Creativity means that compared with the prior art before the filing date, the invention has outstanding substantive features and remarkable progress, and the utility model has substantive features and progress.
3. Practicality means that the invention or utility model can be manufactured or used and can produce positive effects.
Types of patents protected in China: inventions, utility models and designs.
20. When will China implement the patent law? What is the procedure of patent examination and approval in China Patent Law? What are the objects protected by China's patent law?
1, effective from April 1985.
2. Procedure: 1) After receiving an application for a patent for invention, the Patent Office shall publish it within 18 months from the date of filing if it finds that it conforms to the provisions of this Law after preliminary examination. The Patent Office may publish its application at an early date upon the request of the applicant.
2) Within three years from the date of filing, the Patent Office may, upon the request of the applicant, conduct substantive examination of the application at any time; If the applicant fails to request substantive examination within the time limit without justifiable reasons, the application shall be deemed to have been withdrawn.
When the Patent Office deems it necessary, it may examine the application for a patent for invention on its own.
3) When requesting substantive examination, the applicant for a patent for invention shall submit reference materials related to his invention before the filing date.
Where an application for a patent for invention is filed in a foreign country, the applicant shall, when requesting substantive examination, submit the materials retrieved by the country for examining the application or the materials for examining the results; If it is not submitted without justifiable reasons, the application shall be deemed to have been withdrawn.
4) If the Patent Office considers that the application for a patent for invention is not in conformity with the provisions of this Law after substantive examination, it shall notify the applicant and ask him to state his opinions or amend his application within a specified time limit; If no reply is made within the time limit without justifiable reasons, the application shall be deemed to be withdrawn.
5) If an application for a patent for invention is still considered by the Patent Office to be inconsistent with the provisions of this Law after the applicant has stated his opinions or made amendments, it shall be rejected.
6) If the application for a patent for invention is not found to be rejected after substantive examination, the Patent Office shall examine and approve it, make an announcement and notify the applicant.
7) If, after receiving an application for a patent for utility model or design, the Patent Office considers it to be in conformity with the provisions of this Law after preliminary examination, it will not conduct any substantive examination, and immediately announce and notify the applicant.
8) Within three months from the date of the announcement of the patent application, anyone may raise an objection to the Patent Office in accordance with these Regulations. The Patent Office shall send a copy of the objection to the applicant, and the applicant shall submit a written reply within three months from the date of receiving the copy of the objection; If a written reply is not given within the time limit without justifiable reasons, the application shall be deemed to be withdrawn.
9) If the Patent Office finds that the objection is established after examination, it shall make a decision to reject the application and notify the objector and the applicant.
10), the Patent Office established the Patent Reexamination Board. If the applicant refuses to accept the decision of the Patent Office to reject the application, he may, within three months from the date of receiving the notice, request the Patent Reexamination Board for reexamination. After reexamination, the Patent Reexamination Board shall make a decision and notify the applicant.
If the applicant for a patent for invention refuses to accept the decision of the Patent Reexamination Board to reject the request for reexamination, he may bring a suit in a people's court within three months from the date of receiving the notice.
The decision made by the Patent Reexamination Board on the applicant's request for reexamination of utility model and design is final.
1 1) If there is no objection to the patent application or the objection is not established after examination, the Patent Office will make a decision to grant the patent right, issue a patent certificate, and register and announce relevant matters.
3. Inventions, utility models and designs
2 1, China patent document numbering system includes several patent contribution numbers? How to solve it?
6 kinds of application number, patent number, WeChat official account, examination number, announcement number and authorization announcement number.
22, the characteristics of patent documents, the structure of the patent specification
Features: novelty, creativity and practicality.
Structure: Generally, a patent specification includes: patent document description, patent claim, specification, drawings and abstract. Some patent specifications are accompanied by search reports.
23, the classification method of patent documents, the structure of classification number, the purpose of patent retrieval.
Patent literature adopts the principle of combining function (the basic function of invention) with application (the purpose of invention), with function as the main classification. In hierarchical form, the technical contents are classified step by step according to sections, segments, classes, subclasses, main groups and subgroups, forming a complete classification system.
The structural composition of classification number: the main group grouping of parts and subcategories.
Purpose of patent retrieval: The purpose of patent retrieval is to efficiently collect the latest patent information, get a glimpse of the current development of related technologies, shorten the investment of R&D funds and time by referring to other people's research results, and avoid infringing other people's patents. In addition, the obtained patent technology information can be used to judge the business direction, technical level and market layout of other enterprises, so as to formulate correct coping strategies. Know yourself and yourself, and you can win in the competition in the shopping mall. Generally speaking, patent retrieval can help R&D personnel and enterprises to track the development trend of technology, plan the direction of R&D and formulate market competition strategies.
24. Patents' country codes' of major countries and international organizations in the world
In Austria, Australia, BE Belgium, CA, Canada, CH, Switzerland, CN, China, Germany, DK, Denmark, EP, European Patent Office, ES, Spain, FI, Finland, FR, France, GB, Britain, HU, Hungary, IE, Ireland, IL, Israel, India, IT, Italy, JP, Japan, KR, Korea, NL, Netherlands, NO, Norway, OA, African Intellectual Property Organization PCTRU,
25. Briefly describe the use methods of "China Dissertation Database" and "China Standard Literature Database".
1), using China dissertation database:
First, preparation before use
1, landing data in Wan Fang.
Step 2 download the reader
Go to Home >; Support and download >> download area ",download Acrobat Reader installer >> install PDF reader.
Second, how to retrieve
1. Quick search: After logging in, users can search by entering search terms in the search portal on the homepage of the system, select the check box in front of the database and enter keywords. By default, they can search in any field.
2. Cross-database search: You can search in multiple databases simultaneously.
A Enter cross-database search: as shown in the above figure, click "cross-database search" to enter.
Determine the search scope:
Add search criteria
3. General retrieval
A enter the retrieval interface of "Chinese dissertation full-text database"
B. Search by adding search conditions in the regular search area.
4. Classified browsing: According to China Library Classification, you can browse dissertations of different disciplines.
Third, consult the literature.
1, view the summary and full text.
2. Associated retrieval and package download
2) How to use China standard literature database?
Log in to Wanfang Database, enter the content to be retrieved in the "Standard Name" column of the retrieval interface of foreign standard database in Wan Fang Data, and click the search button to get the retrieval results.
26. What is a scientific report? What kind is it? What retrieval tool is used to find China science and technology report?
Scientific and technological reports are very important resources. They often reflect the frontier of science and technology and ongoing research projects, and pay attention to recording the whole process of scientific research progress in detail, which is mostly related to high-tech fields. The research results spread quickly, mainly distributed internally, and it is difficult for the outside world to obtain them.
Types of scientific and technological reports
2) Scientific reports can be divided into different types:
1, which can be divided into: basic theoretical research and engineering technology.
2. According to the form, it can be divided into: technical report (TR), technical notes (TN), technical papers (TP), technical memorandum (TM), TM, briefing, technical translation (TT), contractor's report (CR), special publications (SP), others (such as conference publications, teaching publications, reference publications, patent application specifications and statistical data), etc.
3. According to the research progress, it can be divided into: primary report, progress report, intermediate report and final report.
4. According to the circulation scope, it can be divided into: top secret report, secret report, confidential report, restricted release report, non-confidential report and declassified report. Most confidential scientific and technological reports belong to the military, national defense industry and cutting-edge technological achievements.
3) Search tool: EI CompendexWeb INSPEC dialog box.
27. What are meeting documents? What retrieval tools should I use to find the information of various foreign academic conferences?
1. Meeting documents are an extremely effective and important channel for transmitting and obtaining scientific and technological information.
2. Retrieval tools: China Knowledge Network, full-text database of important conference papers in China, Wan Fang data, China academic conference abstract database, online Internet conference preview of China academic conference, European research conference, preview of ISO standardization conference, and medical conference query.
28. Expound the types and collection characteristics of foreign language databases imported or purchased by our library.
Type: 1)EBSCOhost system full-text database 1, academic journal comprehensive full-text database 2, commercial resource comprehensive full-text database 3, communication and mass media database 4, newspaper resource database 5, education full-text journal database.
2)Springerlink electronic journals and books
Features: EBSCOhost has more than 60 databases, including 10 full-text databases, covering comprehensive science, commerce, management, finance, medicine, education, military, agriculture, humanities and other aspects. Among them, the comprehensive full-text database of academic journals and the comprehensive full-text database of commercial resources are one of the earliest database varieties organized by CALIS Group, which have been familiar and used by many universities in China.
Springerlink can access more than 1850 kinds of periodicals, among which more than 1 150 kinds of full-text periodicals can be accessed, of which more than 95% are in English, and many of them are English core periodicals, which have been included in the famous secondary literature service and have a high impact factor in ISI SCI.
29. What are the personalized services provided by Springlink? What operational procedures do readers need before using personalized services?
SpringerLink's personalized service function: "My Favorites" allows users to set personal browsing habits, which saves time, is convenient and practical; "Reminder service" allows users to register and set up personal research fields. When the latest literature related to it is published, users can be notified by email or when using the database according to their own choices. Currently, these two functions are only available on SpringerLink's German site.
Readers need to log in before using personalized services.
SpringerLink adopts IP address control, and can log in to SpringerLink's Tsinghua mirror station or German site on any networked computer without user name and password. At this time, as a group user, readers can browse, retrieve and consult all electronic publications of SpringerLink, including Springer online series. For some personalized services provided by SpringerLink, such as My Favorites and Alert mentioned above, readers must register as individual users on the homepage of SpringerLink German website and log in as individual users before using them.
30.springlink homepage defaults to simple search page. Please use the simple search function to find 2 articles about "Computer Optimization" in recent 2 years.
Study on computer optimization technology of hydrophilic carrier composition
Pharmaceutical research archives
Korean pharmaceutical society press
ISSN 0253-6269 (printing) 1976-3786 (online)
Volume 1 1, No.3/65438+September 0988.
Type of article Original article
DOI 10. 1007/BF 0286 1308
Page 185- 196
Biomedicine and life sciences
Springer link date June 2008 1
Computer Optimization of the Performance of Anaerobic Filter for Purifying High Pollution Wastewater from Sugar Factory
Journal of Cell and Molecular Life Sciences
Press Birkh? User Basel
ISSN 1420-682X (printing) 1420-907 1 (online)
Volume 45,No.11-12/1989 65438+February.
Multi-author review of article types
DOI 10. 1007/BF 0 1950 153
Page 1024- 1029
Biomedicine and life sciences
Springer link date August 2005 1
3 1, springlink system can mark the expected retrieval results. The marked records can be temporarily saved in the system or permanently saved through the personalized service function. Writing several output methods of retrieval results
PDF format, text format
32. What are the personalized services provided by EBSCO? What operational procedures do readers need before using personalized services?
1), the most popular article recommendation
Quick links inside and outside the station
Collect favorite periodicals
Save important search
Set e-mail prompts
Search tip: the same search formula has new search results.
Citation tip: An article has been quoted by a new article.
Journal Tip: Related journals have published a new issue.
Topic tip: There are new articles published on topics of concern.
Historical tracking (retrieval history and operation history)
2) Before using the function of EBSCOHOST, readers need to register for application, obtain a group of personal user names and passwords, ask questions when retrieving passwords, click the "Submit" button, and return to the initial login interface. At this point, if the yellow pattern appears in my EBSCOhost, the login is complete.
33, the characteristics and types of network resources; The function of search engine
Features: large quantity and rapid growth; Rich in content and diverse in forms; Frequent changes and different values; The structure is complex and widely distributed; Information is scattered, out of order, etc.
Category: 1. According to the way of human information exchange, it can be divided into informal publishing, semi-informal publishing and formal publishing.
2) From the perspective of network information retrieval, network information can be divided into Internet information, FTP information, TELNET information, USENET information resources, USTSERV information and JOPHER information through information query.
3) According to the information acquisition methods, it can be divided into mail type, bulletin board type, broadcast type, library type and bibliography type.
4) According to the organizational form, it can be divided into document type, database type and hypermedia type.
5) According to timeliness, it can be divided into dynamic information, electronic newspapers, electronic periodicals, electronic books, online collections and online databases.
6), according to the media form of information is divided into, text information, hypertext information, multimedia information,
7) According to the network information service mode, it can be divided into website information, news information, forum information and file service information.
8) According to the format of information, it is divided into: HTTML TXT DOC PDF RM MP3.
Functions: Web search, picture search, video search, map search, news search, music search, forum search, etc.
34. Try to compare the functions of Baidu, Chinese Sohu, Peking University Skynet and Yisou.