Location: Located in the east of Eurasia, on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.
climate characteristics: obvious monsoon characteristics, obvious continental climate and various climate types.
political system: people's congress system
main economic income: the world's largest exporter, the world's second largest importer, with the largest foreign exchange reserves.
Second, France
geographical location: it is the largest country in Western Europe, located in the west of the European continent.
climate characteristics: the western part has a temperate maritime climate, the southern part has a Mediterranean climate, and the northeastern part has a temperate continental climate.
political system: semi-president * * and system
main economic income: France is the second largest exporter of agricultural products in the world after the United States, and the proportion of the tertiary industry in the French economy is increasing year by year. Among them, the business volume of telecommunications, information, tourism services and transportation departments has increased greatly, and the service industry employees account for about 7% of the total labor force.
the main industrial sectors are mining, metallurgy, automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding, machinery manufacturing, textiles, chemistry, electrical appliances, power, daily consumer goods, food processing and construction. Emerging industrial sectors such as nuclear energy, petrochemical industry, marine development, aviation and aerospace have developed rapidly in recent years, and their proportion in industrial output value has been increasing. Nuclear power equipment capacity, petroleum and petroleum processing technology rank second in the world, second only to the United States; The aviation and aerospace industry ranks third in the world after the United States and CIS. Iron and steel industry and textile industry rank sixth in the world. However, the traditional industrial sector is still dominant in the industry, in which steel, automobile and construction are the three pillars.
Third, the geographical location of the United States
: The United States is located in the central part of North America and in the western hemisphere, and its territory also includes Alaska in the northwest of North America and Hawaii Islands in the central Pacific Ocean.
climate characteristics: the United States has almost all the climate types in the world (the land spans cold, warm and hot zones, and the mainland is in temperate zone)
political system: federalism
main economic income: the American economic system has the characteristics of both capitalism and mixed economy.
in different parts of the country, the focus of economic activities is different. For example, new york is the center of finance, publishing, broadcasting and advertising. Los Angeles is the production center of movies and TV programs; The San Francisco Bay Area and the Pacific Northwest are technology development centers; The midwest is the center of manufacturing and heavy industry, Detroit is a famous automobile city, and Chicago is the financial and commercial center of the region; The southeast is mainly engaged in medical research, tourism and building materials, and its salary cost is lower than other regions, so it continues to attract investment in manufacturing.
the service industry accounts for the largest proportion in the United States, and three-quarters of the country's labor force is engaged in the service industry. The United States is rich in mineral resources, including gold, oil and uranium, but many energy supplies depend on foreign imports. The United States is the largest agricultural exporter in the world, accounting for more than half of the world agricultural export market. The main agricultural products include corn, wheat, sugar and tobacco, and the amazing agricultural output in the central and western Great Plains makes it known as the "world granary". American industrial products mainly include automobiles, airplanes and electronic products. The United States also has developed tourism, ranking third in the world. The United States is also a major exporter of aircraft, steel, arms and electronic equipment.
Fourth, Britain
Geographical location: Located in Europe, it consists of the British Island (including England, Scotland and Wales), Northern Ireland in the northeast of Ireland Island and 5,5 surrounding islands (overseas territories). Britain is located in the British Isles in the northwest of the European continent, surrounded by the North Sea, the English Channel, celtic sea, the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.
climate characteristics: it belongs to temperate maritime climate.
political system: parliamentary monarchy
main economic income: British industry plays an important role in the national economy, and it is the largest manufacturer of arms, petroleum products, computers, televisions and mobile phones in Europe. Britain's main industries are: mining, metallurgy, chemicals, machinery, electronics, electronic instruments, automobiles, aviation, food, tobacco, textiles, paper-making, printing and construction. Bio-pharmaceutical, aviation and national defense are the focus of British industrial research and development, and they are also the most innovative and competitive industries in Britain. In 29, British industrial output accounted for 23.8% of GDP; Among them, the energy industry occupies a prominent position, and the main energy production in Britain accounts for about 1% of the total GDP, and its proportion is increasing. Britain mainly exports machinery, automobiles, aviation equipment, electrical and electronic products, chemical products and petroleum, and mainly imports raw materials and food.
Britain's tourism revenue ranks fifth in the world, next only to the United States, Spain, France and Italy, and tourism is one of the most important economic sectors in Britain.
service industries include financial insurance, retail, transportation and commercial services. In 29, Britain's service trade totaled US$ 482 billion, ranking third in the world. Among them, the financial industry accounts for 9.4% of GDP. London is a world-famous financial center, with a modern financial service system, engaged in multinational bank lending, international bond issuance, fund investment and other businesses. It is also the world's largest foreign exchange trading market, the largest insurance market, the largest spot gold trading market, the largest derivatives trading market, an important ship loan market and a non-precious metal trading center, and has the largest number of branches or offices of foreign banks.
v. Germany
Geographical location: Germany is located in the middle of Europe, bordering Poland and Czech Republic in the east, Austria and Switzerland in the south, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France in the west, Denmark in the north, and the North Sea and Baltic Sea. It is the country with the largest number of European neighbors.
climate characteristics: the maritime climate in the northwest is obvious, and it gradually transits to the continental climate in the east and south.
political system: Germany has five basic systems: harmony, democracy, federalism, legal state and social welfare system.
Main economic income: Germany is the world's fourth largest economy, the second largest commodity exporter and the third largest commodity importer, and at the same time it is in a leading position in many fields such as medical research and technological innovation. Germany is a highly developed industrial country, with the economic aggregate ranking first in Europe and fourth in the world.
industrial structure and characteristics: (1) focus on heavy industry. Automobile and machinery manufacturing, chemical industry, electricity and other departments are pillar industries, accounting for more than 4% of the total industrial output value. Other industries, such as food, textile and clothing, steel processing, mining, precision instruments, optics, and aviation and aerospace, are also well developed. (2) extroversion. Half or more of the products of major industrial sectors are sold abroad. (3) Industry is mainly composed of small and medium-sized enterprises. About two-thirds of industrial enterprises have less than 1 employees. Many small and medium-sized enterprises have a strong degree of specialization and high technical level. (4) High degree of monopoly. Large enterprises with more than 1, employees, accounting for 2.5% of the total number of industrial enterprises, account for 4% of industrial employment and more than half of turnover.
VI. Japan
Geographical location: Located in the eastern part of Eurasia and the northwest of the Pacific Ocean, it is composed of thousands of islands, and the archipelagos are arc-shaped.
Climatic characteristics: The latitude of Japan is 25, and the temperature difference between north and south is very significant. The plateaus of Hokkaido and Honshu belong to the sub-frigid zone, while the native areas belong to the temperate zone, while the southern islands such as Okinawa are subtropical. In addition, Japan's location makes it influenced by the convergence of monsoon and ocean currents, so it has four distinct seasons and abundant precipitation.
Japan can be divided into six climate zones, namely:
1. The climate of Hokkaido-Hokkaido is not affected by the plum rains, and the rainfall is less than that of other places in Japan. Summer is short and cool; Winter is long and cold.
2, Japan's coastal climate-the scope is the western coastal area of Honshu Island. Winter is controlled by Siberian high pressure, and northwest wind blows. At the same time, because the warm current brings a lot of water vapor to the horse current passing through the Sea of Japan in winter, there is often heavy snow. There is less precipitation in summer, and sometimes there will be abnormal high temperature due to foehn.
3, the central highland climate-a typical inland climate. It is cold in winter and cool in summer. There is a great temperature difference between winter and summer and between day and night. There is little rainfall.
4, Pacific side climate-including the east coast of Honshu, Shikoku and most parts of Kyushu. Affected by the southeast monsoon in summer, there are many strong typhoons in Meiyu. In winter, there is less snowfall.
5. Seto inland sea climate-including Shanyang, Shikoku, Kinki and parts of Kyushu. The weather here is often sunny, with little rainfall and suffering from drought from time to time.
6, the climate of Nanxi Islands-the range is Ryukyu Islands. It has a subtropical climate with hot summer and warm winter. Heavy rainfall. It is often hit by typhoons in summer.
political system: constitutional monarchy
main economic income: Japan's service industry, especially banking, finance, shipping, insurance and business services, accounts for the largest proportion of GDP, and is in a leading position in the world. Tokyo, the capital, is not only the largest city and economic center in China, but also one of the best financial, shipping and service centers in the world. Since World War II, Japan's manufacturing industry has developed rapidly, especially the electronics industry and automobile manufacturing industry. Japan's Mitsubishi is the world's super-enterprise chaebol, second only to GM in the United States. In 27, there were only 11 Fortune 5 companies under Mitsubishi. Famous manufacturers of electronics industry and high technology in Japan include Sony, Panasonic, Canon, Sharp, Toshiba and Hitachi. In the automobile industry, Japanese companies have surpassed the United States and Germany in automobile production, making them the largest automobile producer in the world. Among them, manufacturers such as Toyota, Mazda, Honda and Nissan all produce cars for global marketing. Japan has the world's largest bank, Postal Savings Bank, and Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Mizuho Financial Group and Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group play an important role in the world financial community.
Japan is the largest animation power in the world, and its animation development mode has distinct national characteristics. It has become the economic pillar of Japan and occupies an important position in the world. The annual output value is 23 trillion yen. Japan's animation industry model is complete and animation has become the third largest industry in Japan.
VII. South Korea
Geographical location: It is located in the south of the Korean Peninsula, with the 38th parallel of north latitude as the armistice line, and borders North Korea in the north. The Korean peninsula is located in the northeast of the Asian continent, extending from north to south, with a total length of 11 kilometers.
climate characteristics: the northern part belongs to temperate monsoon climate, and the southern part belongs to subtropical climate, with remarkable maritime characteristics.
political system: presidential system * * * and system
Main economic income: South Korea's manufacturing industry is very developed, and the main industrial sectors are steel, automobile, shipbuilding, electronics and nuclear industry.
VIII. Thailand
Location: Located in the center of Southeast Asia, it is a natural gateway to zhina, Myanmar and southern China.
climate characteristics: it belongs to tropical monsoon climate.
political system: a democratic country with the king as the head of state
The main economic income: an export-oriented economy, relying more on external markets such as the United States, Japan and Europe. In the 198s, the manufacturing industry, especially the electronics industry, developed rapidly and the economy continued to grow at a high speed.
Thailand is one of the major suppliers of fish products in the world market and the third largest marine fishery country in Asia after Japan and China. Tourism maintains a steady development momentum and is one of the important sources of foreign exchange income.
IX. Malaysia
Location: Located in Southeast Asia, between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean.
climate characteristics: it belongs to tropical rain forest maritime climate
political system: parliamentary monarchy
main economic income: Malaysia is an exporter of natural and agricultural resources, the most valuable export material is oil, and it has a relatively open newly industrialized market economy. Tourism has become Malaysia's third largest source of foreign exchange income, and knowledge-based economy services are also expanding simultaneously.
1. India
Geographical location: located in the south of Asia
Climatic characteristics: a typical tropical monsoon climate
Political system: capitalist federalism * * * Republic, the President is the head of state, but his duties are symbolic, and the real power is in the hands of the Prime Minister.
Main economic income: India has become the dominant exporter of software industry, and finance, research and technical services will also become important exporters in the world. It has gorgeous diversity and rich cultural heritage and tourism resources. India is also the birthplace of Buddhism, one of the three major religions in the world.
Xi. United Arab Emirates
Location: Located in the east of Arabian Peninsula, bordering the Persian Gulf in the north, with a coastline of 734 kilometers.
Climate characteristics: tropical desert climate
Political system: The Supreme House of Chiefs of the Federation is the highest authority, consisting of chiefs of seven Emirates, local hereditary nobles and wealthy businessmen. Major policy issues at home and abroad are discussed and decided by the House of Chiefs, and the Cabinet Council is elected to manage the country, formulate national policies, examine the federal budget and approve laws and treaties.
main economic income: before the discovery of oil in 196, the economic pillar was pearls. After 196, it was converted into oil.
XII. Saudi Arabia
Location: Located in Arabian Peninsula. It borders the Persian Gulf in the east and the Red Sea in the west, and borders Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen and other countries. The coastline is 2437 kilometers long.
climate characteristics: the western plateau has a Mediterranean climate, while other areas have a tropical desert climate
political system: monarchy
main economic income: Saudi Arabia is a veritable "oil kingdom", with oil reserves and output ranking first in the world. The oil industry is the main pillar of Saudi economy and the largest oil exporter in the world. Saudi Arabia is the largest producer of desalinated seawater in the world, and its desalinated seawater accounts for about 21% of the world total. Saudi Arabia implements a free economic policy, and the oil and petrochemical industry is the economic lifeline of Saudi Arabia. At present, the Saudi government is constantly encouraging the development of the private economy to reduce the dependence of the national economy on oil exports.
XIII, Switzerland
Location: a mountainous landlocked country in south-central Europe. It borders Austria and Liechtenstein in the east, Italy in the south, France in the west and Germany in the north.
climate characteristics: diversity. The southern Alps have a Mediterranean climate, with dry summers and warm and humid winters. The climate in the northern part of the Alps is obviously transitional, from west to east, from mild and humid temperate maritime climate to temperate continental climate with cold winter and hot summer.
political system: federalism
main economic income: industry is the main body of Swiss national economy, and its industrial output value accounts for about 5% of GDP. Switzerland's main industrial sectors include: watches, machinery, chemistry, food and other departments. Switzerland is known as the "kingdom of clocks and watches". Switzerland is also a chocolate kingdom. The chemical industry is also an important pillar of Swiss industry. At present, drugs account for about 2/5 of the output value of the chemical industry, and dyes, pesticides, balsams and essences also play an important role in the international market. Switzerland is the world's financial center, and banking and insurance are the largest sectors. Tourism has maintained a stable and strong development momentum for a long time, providing a market for the development of tourism-related industries.
XIV. Italy
Location: Located in southern Europe, including Apennine Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia and other islands.
climate characteristics: most areas belong to subtropical Mediterranean climate.
Political system: parliamentary system and system
Main economic income: Italy is a developed industrial country. The private economy is the main body, accounting for more than 8% of GDP. The service industry accounts for about 2/3 of GDP. The economic gap between major regions in China is large, and the gap between the north and the south is obvious. Small and medium-sized enterprises account for more than 98% of the total number of enterprises, which can be called "small and medium-sized enterprises"