Section 1 The emergence of money and the evolution of money forms 2

First, from the historical process of commodity exchange development to see the origin of money 2

Second, from the nature of money, money is a special commodity among universal equivalents.

Three. Evolution of monetary form 5

Section 2 Functions of Money 8

I. Value scale 8

Two. Means of circulation 9

Iii. Storage means 10

Four. Payment method 10

Verb (abbreviation of verb) world currency 1 1

Section 3 Definition of Currency and Classification of Currency Levels 12

I. Definition of Currency 13

II. Classification of Currency Grades 14

Iii. Significance of Currency Grades 15

Section 4 Monetary System 17

I. Formation of Monetary System 17

Second, the elements of the monetary system 17

Three. Evolution of monetary system 19

Comprehensive exercise 23

Chapter II Credit and Credit Expansion 27

The first section of the generation and development of credit 27

I. Generation of credit 28

Second, the two leaps in credit development 29

Three. Several stages of credit development 30

Section 2 Credit Forms and Credit Tools 33

I. Forms of credit 33

Two. Credit instruments 34

Three. Ordinary credit instruments 35

Four. The price of credit instruments 37

Credit expansion in the third quarter 39

First, the meaning of credit expansion 39

Second, the excessive expansion of credit 40

Three. Real economy and virtual economy

Four. Factors of Virtual Economy Affecting Real Economy 4 1

Comprehensive exercise 43

Chapter III Interest and Interest Rate

Section 1 Interest 47

I. The meaning and essence of interest 47

II. Methods of measurement of interest 48

Interest rate in the second quarter 49

I. Concept of interest rate 50

Two. Interest rate type 50

Three. The role of interest rates 52

In the third quarter, interest rate determination theory on page 53

I. Marx's Interest Rate Determinism and Western Interest Rate Determinism 53

II. Determinants of interest rate changes 54

Three. Factors affecting interest rate changes 54

Comprehensive exercise 56

Chapter IV Financial Institutions and the Four Pillars 59

Section 1 Overview of Financial Institutions 59

I. Reasons and functions of financial institutions 60

Two. Department of financial institutions

Three. International financial institutions 6 1

Banking in the second quarter 64

First, the meaning of bank 64

Second, the development history of modern banks 64 pages

Three. banking financial institutions

Four, the current banking system in China 66 pages.

In the third quarter, insurance companies 69

I. The emergence of insurance companies 69

Two. Organizational form of insurance company

Three. Business scope of insurance company

Section 4 Securities Companies 72

I. Overview of Securities Companies 72

Two, the main business of securities companies 73 pages

Three. Securities company commission

Section 5 Trust and Investment Companies 77

I. Trust and financial trust 77

Two. Business of trust and investment companies

Three. Asset-liability ratio management of trust and investment companies

Comprehensive exercise 8 1

Chapter V Commercial Banks and Derivative Deposits

Section 1 Overview of Commercial Banks

First, the origin of commercial banks 86

Second, the development of commercial banks 87

Third, the development trend of western commercial banks in recent years 88

Section 2 Nature, Function and Organizational Structure of Commercial Banks

First, the nature of commercial banks

Two. Functions of commercial banks 9 1

Three. Organizational structure of commercial banks

Section 3 Management Principles of Commercial Banks

I. Security 94

Two. Liquidity 96

Third, for-profit 96

Four. Contradiction and coordination of commercial banks' operating principles

The fourth quarter, the main business of commercial banks 98

I. Debt business of commercial banks

Two. Asset business of commercial banks 10 1

Three. Intermediary business of commercial banks 103

Section 5 Derivative Deposits of Commercial Banks 106

I. Original deposits and derivative deposits of commercial banks 106

Two. Conditions for commercial banks to open derivative deposits 106

Third, the creation process of deposit currency 107

IV. Constraints for Commercial Banks to Create Derivatives Deposits 108

Comprehensive exercise 1 10

Chapter VI Central Bank and Monetary Policy 1 13

Section 1 Overview of the Central Bank 1 13

First, the emergence and development of the central bank 1 13

Two. Central Bank Type Structure 1 15

Three. The nature and function of the central bank

Section 2 Main Business of the Central Bank 1 18

I. Central Bank Liabilities 1 18

Two. Central Bank Asset Business 120

Three. Other businesses of the central bank 12 1

Section 3 Monetary Policy of the Central Bank 122

I. The ultimate goal of monetary policy 122

Second, the intermediate goal of monetary policy 124

Section 4 Monetary Policy Tools 126

I general monetary policy tools 126

Second, selective monetary policy tools 128

Three. Other monetary policy tools 128

Iv. Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policy 129

Comprehensive exercise 132

Chapter VII Balance of Money Supply and Demand and Inflation 136

Section 1 Money Demand 136

I. Meaning of Money Demand 136

Second, Marx's theory of money demand 137

3. Fisher Trading Equation and Cambridge Equation 137

Four, Keynes's theory of money demand 138

V. Friedman's Money Demand Function 138

VI. Main Factors Affecting China's Money Demand 139

Money supply in the second quarter 140

I. Money supply 140

Second, the basic factors affecting the money supply 140

Third, the factors that determine the size of the currency multiplier 14 1

Section 3 Currency Balance 142

I. Concept of Monetary Equilibrium 143

Second, the balance of money supply and demand and the balance of total social supply and demand 143

Iii. Central Bank's Regulation of Money Supply and Demand 144

The fourth quarter inflation 146

I. The meaning of inflation 146

Two. Indicators for measuring inflation 147

Three. Types of inflation 148

IV. The Harm of Inflation 150

Verb (abbreviation of verb) controls inflation 15 1

Section 5 Deflation 153

I. The meaning of deflation 153

Second, the classification of deflation 153

Iii. Causes of deflation 154

IV. The Harm of Deflation 154

Verb (abbreviation of verb) measures to control deflation 154

Comprehensive exercise 156

Chapter VIII Financial Markets and Derivatives 159

Section 1 Overview of Financial Markets 160

I. The meaning of financial market 160

Two. Financial market elements 160

Three. The position and function of financial market 16 1

Four. Financing mode of financial market 162

Verb (abbreviation of verb) financial market classification 163

Section 2 Money Market and Capital Market 164

I. Money market 164

Ii. capital market 165

Three. International financial market 167

Section 3 Derivative Financial Instruments 170

I. Overview of Derivative Financial Instruments 170

Ii. Common derivative financial instruments 17 1

Comprehensive exercise 175

Chapter IX Foreign Exchange and Balance of Payments 178

Section 1 Foreign Exchange and Exchange Rate 178

I. Overview of Foreign Exchange 179

II. Functions of foreign exchange 180

Three. Exchange rate and its pricing method 180

Four. Factors affecting exchange rate changes 182

Balance of payments in the second quarter 184

I. Meaning of Balance of Payments 184

Two. Balance of payments 185

III. Balance and Analysis of International Payments 188

Four. Causes and Effects of Imbalance of International Payments 188

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Balance of payments adjustment 189

Section 3 Foreign Exchange Trading 192

I. Foreign Exchange Trading and Foreign Exchange Market 192

Two. Foreign exchange transaction type 192

Comprehensive exercise 196

Chapter X Financial Risk and Financial Supervision 198

Section 1 Financial Risk 198

I. Meaning and characteristics of financial risks 198

Second, the causes of financial risks 199

Three. The impact of financial risks 200

Four. Classification of financial risks

Overview of financial supervision in the second quarter 203

I. The meaning of financial supervision 203

Second, the necessity of implementing financial supervision 203

Three. Objectives and contents of financial supervision

Four, the status quo of financial supervision in China 205 pages

Section III Trends in International Financial Supervision 209

First, the reasons for the reform of financial supervision

Second, the development trend of international financial supervision 2 10

Three. International Basel 2 1 1

Comprehensive exercise 2 13

Refer mainly to 2 16.

Description of application for supporting materials 2 17