There is no perfect asset allocation scheme that can be applied to everyone.

Therefore, before making financial planning for customers, financial planners must collect customer information and fully understand their goals and expectations.

That's not enough. Financial planners and customers need to coordinate some special needs:

For example, the customer's overall assets are in good condition, at the prime of life, and his family is well-off. Even with a loss ratio of 20%, the living conditions are still considerable. Objectively speaking, they can bear relatively high risks and belong to high-risk groups.

And customers' risk preference is not high, and they are only willing to accept the loss of 10% at most, but they also yearn for high returns, so they are subjectively stable investors.

What do we do? In fact, subjective preferences have a greater impact on financial planning than objective conditions.

For example, just now, the financial planner made a positive investment plan for the client and achieved the goal in five years. In the second year, due to large fluctuations, there were many book losses, which made customers uneasy and restless, and even affected their work and life. The customer chose to quit and blamed the plan made by the financial planner for causing great losses. ......

Therefore, financial planners often refer to personal subjective preferences to decide the final asset allocation plan.

Similarly, if you are your own financial planner, you should be clear about your subjective risk preference before making financial planning for yourself, and the expectation of customized planning should match the risk.

Everyone's natural adventurous personality is different, and everyone's asset status is different, so there is no asset allocation scheme suitable for everyone.

the second part

The ideal asset allocation scheme is different, and the wrong asset allocation scheme is mostly similar.

When we buy wealth management products, we mainly consider three points: liquidity, safety and profitability, which is what we often call the iron triangle.

Similarly, the portfolio can also be judged by this iron triangle.

For example—

Investor A has 300,000 assets, and he divides the money into three parts, one for bank financing, one for insurance financing, and one for fixed fund investment.

The main problem here is liquidity.

There is no way to take out formal bank financing and insurance financing in advance, and although the fund can be redeemed on the trading day, no one can guarantee that the fund will make money when it is in urgent need of money. If it loses money and has to cut meat, then it misses the opportunity to return to its original cost and make profits later.

We often say that the fixed investment should be persistent and long-term. If you can't guarantee that the money invested in the stock market/fund can span the time of bulls and bears, you'd better not invest.

Investor B's assets are 6,543,800 yuan+0.5 million yuan. He also divided the money into three parts, one is to buy stocks, the other is to buy P2P, and the other is to invest in real estate in partnership with others.

The problem of B mainly lies in safety and liquidity, and the liquidity reason is the same as that of A..

Stocks, P2P and the property market are all high-risk investments now. If B knows the nature of these three types of investments and belongs to adventurous investors, that's fine. In the worst case, it's just willing to gamble and lose.

But if B only hears that the stock market is getting better, then keep up; The property market is hot, only rising but not falling, keep up; P2P has fixed income, so keep up. ......

Everyone is buying, so they are not afraid? Not afraid of being divided into three baskets? This is not right, just look back at 20 18.

Even if the big environment like 20 18 is rare, the losses caused by high-risk investment should not be underestimated. The stock market is ups and downs, the property market is wrong, and the policy has changed, which will be a big quilt. If B's subjective risk preference is slightly weak, the problem will be big.

Let's look at investors C and C, who have just graduated for two years and have few assets, only 654.38+ 10,000. Thinking that eggs should not be put in the same basket, after comparing several platforms, I bought 20,000 WeChat cards, 50,000 China Merchants Bank's Riyi Xinyue, 654.38+/kloc-0.00 million Ping An Bank's Ping An Ying, and 20,000 three-year government bonds.

The problem of C is mainly in profitability.

The targets he holds are either money funds, bank wealth management, and government bonds with similar returns, all of which are products within 4%, and the returns are not great.

Although C has few assets, he is young and can participate in high-risk investment moderately. The most intuitive method is to apply the law of 80 shares, that is, when investing in wealth management, the proportion of investors buying high-risk investment products cannot exceed 80 MINUS your age. The specific formula is (80- age) × 100%. This rule is mainly used in stock investment. For example, at the age of 30, the funds invested in stocks should not exceed 50% of the wealth management funds.

If C's risk preference is not so high, you can reduce the proportion, or try low-risk investment methods, such as fixed investment of funds. You shouldn't completely avoid risks. When you are young, you don't take risks, but when you are old, you dare not move.

Asset allocation should be scattered in a basket of medium, low and high risks, rather than concentrated in high-risk products like B or low-risk combinations like C.

In addition, financial management is divided into life financial management and investment financial management. Just now, ABC was just doing investment and financial management. What about life?

There is a model worthy of your reference, and that is the Standard & Poor's family asset allocation chart.

the third part

Standard & Poor's family asset allocation map can be searched online, and there are many, basically as follows:

Just now, the asset allocation planning of ABC only paid attention to the money to make money or the money to protect capital, but ignored the money to spend and the money to save lives that should be considered in life financial management.

In fact, this is very common, and most people must be like this. Let me add:

The money to be spent—

Generally speaking, if you spend money in your life, you should set aside at least 3-6 months of living expenses. For example, if you spend 3,000 yuan every month, reserve18,000 yuan in the money fund or bank deposit. Even if you lose your job or investment, your survival in the next six months will not be affected.

If you have a house to return, you have to count the money.

In addition, the money for getting married, buying a house, buying a car and treating diseases in these three years is also money to be spent. Although it belongs to long-term consumption, it must not be diverted to the money that generates money. Many friends' friends are boys. Because he wanted money to get married, he took the down payment and went to Macau to gamble. As a result, there is nothing to say when the down payment is gone, and I still owe a lot of debts, and the marriage can't be concluded.

There are many such examples on the Internet, which we can learn from. It's safer to put your money in a money fund or a bank.

Life saving money-

For ordinary people, insurance is the most suitable for risk protection. I suggest that the insurance allocation ratio is 10%, and 20% of the map includes the usual medical expenses.

Why buy insurance? Because of the high leverage ratio, for example, paying 2,000 yuan for life insurance a year can incite 700,000. In case of death one day, this money can cushion the family, such as paying off the mortgage, so as not to lose the pillar of the family and have nowhere to live.

As for buying insurance, it is enough for everyone to consider life insurance, critical illness insurance, medical insurance and accident insurance.

The money to make money and the money to protect the capital are similar according to the iron triangle of Part 2.

After repeatedly understanding the idea of asset allocation, we will choose products according to this idea, and such a plan will be more suitable for ourselves!