Abstract: As the quantity and scale of China's international trade are expanding, the prevention of trade settlement risks is particularly important for protecting the interests of enterprises. This paper expounds the possible risks in settlement from four aspects of remittance, collection, letter of credit and bank guarantee, and puts forward some corresponding preventive measures. ?

Keywords: international settlement; Remittance; Collection; Letter of credit; Bank guarantee?

1 remittance risk?

(1) Definition of remittance: Remittance, also known as remittance, is the simplest payment and settlement method for international trade. When the payment is settled by remittance, after the buyer delivers the goods to the other party, the seller sends the relevant shipping documents to the buyer himself, and the buyer then pays the payment to the seller through the bank. ?

(2) Forms of remittance risk:

(1) O/AOpenAccount: It is a settlement method that the exporter sends the goods to the importer and gives the goods transport documents to the importer for the importer to pick up the goods without payment or payment commitment. This settlement method of goods first and payment later gives importers greater credit and longer financing time. In this case, whether the exporter can get the payment depends entirely on the reputation of the importer. Once the exporter defaults, there will be a situation where both money and goods are empty. The importer, on the other hand, can get the goods without paying any money, and can handle the goods according to his own wishes. ?

② Cash on delivery: the exporter delivers the goods first, and the importer remits the payment to the exporter after receiving the goods. Cash on delivery can be divided into consignment and sales, and the payment time is slightly different, but both are unilateral financing channels provided by exporters to importers, and exporters have to bear the risk of rejection by importers. In the practice of international trade, the sales method is often adopted, that is, the buyer and the seller sign a contract and immediately pay all the payment to the exporter by telegraphic transfer after the importer receives the goods. ?

(3) Advance payment: the importer will remit the payment to the exporter first, and the exporter will deliver it to the importer after receiving the payment. The most common way is to prepay. ?

(3) remittance risk prevention:

(1) Conduct effective credit investigation on customers, understand each other's credit situation, and use remittance settlement only with traders with reliable credit and decent business style. ?

(2) In the prepayment transaction, in order to reduce the prepayment risk, the importer adopts the method of cash against documents. The importer remits the payment to the remittance bank and instructs the remittance bank to pay the exporter with certain specific documents and shipping documents provided by the exporter. Therefore, for importers, there is an extra layer of protection than the general remittance method. For exporters, as long as they deliver the goods on time and deliver the documents, they can get the full payment. ?

For the down payment, it is generally 25-30% of the total contract price, or twice or slightly higher than the transportation cost from the departure point to the destination port. To do this, don't pay too much in advance at first. If the importer has a certain credit, this way will not touch its fundamental interests, so as to understand the difficulties of the exporter and cooperate with it; Secondly, if the importer pays in advance, it will be restrained to some extent. Even if he wants to break the contract in the future, he will consider repaying in advance and reluctantly fulfill it.

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