The US dollar is still the center of international reserve assets, but the proportion of Japanese yen, British pound, mark (replaced by euro after 1999), euro and special drawing rights is rising.

In the past 10 years, the structure of the world's foreign exchange reserves has changed obviously, the main feature is that the proportion of the US dollar has increased greatly, while the proportion of the Japanese yen has decreased significantly, and the euro has become the second largest reserve currency.

Second, the diversification of exchange rate system.

In view of the weakness of the Bretton Woods system that the fixed exchange rate system is single and difficult to adapt to the differences in economic development levels of various countries, the Jamaica Accord clearly stipulates that the basic goal of international cooperation is economic stability (price stability) rather than exchange rate stability, so the fixed exchange rate system is gradually replaced by a more flexible floating exchange rate system around the world.

Third, the diversification of balance of payments adjustment methods

Including exchange rate mechanism, interest rate mechanism, financing mechanism and other means of balance of payments adjustment. The exchange rate mechanism is simply to adjust the balance of payments through the appreciation or depreciation of the exchange rate. Usually, when the balance of payments is facing a deficit, we choose to devalue the local currency to promote exports and curb imports, and then improve the balance of payments by improving the trade balance. The so-called interest rate mechanism is to affect the balance of payments by changing the interest rate level, affecting the change of money supply and relative price level. As far as financing mechanism is concerned, easing the balance of payments is a short-term countermeasure. When the balance of payments is in deficit, international credit is used to stabilize the balance of payments.