Differences in resources
1. Developed countries have relatively mature economic operation mechanism, sound market mechanism and system, beneficial and favorable economic development, good management and relatively perfect macro-control system.
2. Due to the limitation of human resources quality, capital stock, technology and management level, the productivity level of developing countries is relatively low. In 2002, the labor productivity of developing countries was only 1/23 of that of developed countries.
Different employment
1. Developed countries have a high degree of economic internationalization, a large number of foreign trade exports, high overall quality, a large proportion of foreign trade in the total world trade, highly internationalized financial markets and highly developed multinational companies.
2. A considerable part of the labor force in developing countries is not used. There are two forms of labor underutilization. One is open unemployment, that is, people with labor force and willingness to work cannot get job opportunities; The other is low employment or underemployment, which means that although workers are formally employed, they get less working hours than they can work.
Basic characteristics of developing countries
Although there are great differences between developing countries in history, culture, system and economic development level, these countries have some common characteristics. These functions include:
1, the living standard is low. In developing countries, the living standard of most people is very low. The low standard of living is manifested in the following aspects. First of all, the per capita living standard in these countries is very low. Secondly, in developing countries, the living standard gap between the poor, who account for the majority of the population, and the rich, who account for a minority, is also larger than that in developed countries.
Finally, widespread poverty. The so-called poverty refers to the inability to meet the minimum living standard.
2. Low productivity. Due to the limitation of human resources quality, capital stock, technology and management level, the productivity level of developing countries is relatively low. In 2002, the labor productivity of developing countries was only 1/23 of that of developed countries.
3. Rapid population growth and heavy support burden. The birth rate in developing countries is generally much higher than that in developed countries. At the same time, due to the improvement of sanitary conditions and the control of infectious diseases, the difference in mortality between the two countries is much smaller, which has caused the rapid population growth in developing countries.
As a result of the rapid population growth, the proportion of children in the total population in developing countries is relatively high, so the number of children and elderly people raised by hired labor is also large, which has caused the burden of support in developing countries.
4. High unemployment rate and low employment rate. A considerable part of the labor force in developing countries is not used. There are two forms of labor underutilization. One is open unemployment, that is, people with labor force and willingness to work can't get job opportunities.
The other is low employment or underemployment, which means that although workers are formally employed, they get less working time than they can work, or that although workers are formally fully employed, their labor productivity is very low, even close to zero.
5. Heavy dependence on agricultural production. From the perspective of production structure, the proportion of agriculture in GDP in low-income countries (except China and India) is much higher than that in developed countries; From the employment structure, the proportion of agricultural labor force in developing countries is as high as 50% ~ 70%; Judging from the level of urbanization, the proportion of urban population in low-income countries is much lower than that in high-income countries and regions.
6. Be at a disadvantage in international relations. Developed and developing countries are unequal in international relations. Developed countries control the types of international trade and determine the rules and situation of international relations. In most developing countries, due to the low level of development and insufficient domestic savings, economic construction can only rely on exporting primary products to obtain foreign exchange.
At the same time, developing countries also need to introduce necessary technology, foreign aid and foreign capital, and the international transfer conditions of these resources are also controlled by developed countries. Therefore, developing countries dominate the economy and rely on developed countries.
7. Underdeveloped market economy is the essential feature of developing countries' economy. Due to the long-term bondage of colonial plunder and feudal relations of production, and the improper intervention of the government after independence, the market in developing countries is not smooth and seriously distorted, and it cannot play its role as a basic means of resource allocation.
Refer to the above? Baidu Encyclopedia-Developing Countries