M 1: narrow money supply, that is, M0+ demand deposits of enterprises and institutions M2: broad money supply, that is, M 1+ time deposits of enterprises and institutions+savings deposits of residents. PMI Index: Purchasing Managers Index, PMI Index 50 is the dividing line between boom and recession. When the PMI is greater than 50, it shows that the economy is developing; When the PMI is below 50, it means that the economy is declining. PMI is a comprehensive economic monitoring index system released every month, which is divided into manufacturing PMI and service PMI. Proportion of primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry in GDP.
The primary industry refers to planting and aquaculture. Also known as "big agriculture".
The secondary industry refers to the extractive industry, manufacturing industry and construction industry.
The tertiary industry refers to other industries except the primary and secondary industries. Including transportation, warehousing and postal services, information transmission, computer services and software, wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering, finance, real estate, leasing and business services, residential services and other services, education, health, social security and social welfare. Investment in fixed assets is the workload of building and purchasing fixed assets expressed in currency, and it is a comprehensive index reflecting the scale, speed, proportion and use direction of investment in fixed assets. The investment in fixed assets of the whole society can be divided into state-owned, collective, individual, joint venture, joint-stock system, foreign businessmen, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan businessmen and others according to economic types. According to the management channels, the total investment in fixed assets of the whole society is divided into four parts: capital construction, renovation, real estate development investment and other fixed assets investment.
6. Social retail goods refer to the retail sales of consumer goods from wholesale and retail trade, catering, manufacturing and other industries of various economic types to urban and rural residents and social groups and the retail sales from farmers to non-agricultural residents. Reflect the improvement of people's material and cultural living standards in a certain period, the realization degree of social commodity purchasing power, and the scale of retail and market. It is an important material for studying people's living standards, purchasing power of social retail commodities, social production, currency circulation and price development trends. Foreign exchange reserve, also known as foreign exchange reserve, refers to the foreign exchange part of the international reserve assets held by a government, that is, the creditor's rights held by a government in foreign currency. It is an asset held by the national monetary authority and can be converted into foreign currency at any time. In a narrow sense, foreign exchange reserves refer to a country's foreign exchange accumulation; Broadly speaking, foreign exchange reserves refer to assets denominated in foreign exchange, including cash, gold and foreign securities. Foreign exchange reserve is an important part of a country's international liquidity, which has an important influence on balancing international payments and stabilizing exchange rate.
Speculative short-term capital, also known as speculative capital or hot money or unknown funds, is short-term speculative capital that flows rapidly in the international financial market only for the pursuit of the highest return and the lowest risk. In the foreign exchange market, this kind of speculative funds often convert the domestic currency with depreciation tendency into the currency with appreciation tendency, which increases the instability of the foreign exchange market. Therefore, as long as the expectation psychology exists, only by letting the appreciating currency fluctuate greatly or implementing foreign exchange control can this speculative capital flow be stopped.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an investment activity in which a country's investors invest capital or other factors of production across borders in order to obtain profits or scarce factors of production.
Trade surplus or deficit. In a certain period of time (usually calculated on an annual basis), both sides of the trade buy and sell various commodities with each other. If Party A's export volume is greater than Party B's, or Party A's import volume is less than Party B's, the difference between them is called Party A's trade surplus and Party B's trade deficit. ..
Industrial added value refers to the final result of industrial production activities expressed by industrial enterprises in monetary form during the reporting period; It is the total result of all production activities of industrial enterprises after deducting the value of material products and services consumed or transferred in the production process; It is a newly added value in the production process of industrial enterprises. The sum of the added value of each department is the gross domestic product, which reflects the sum of the market value of the final products and services produced and provided by a country (region) in a certain period of time.