Liabilities:
1, currency in circulation
As an issuing bank, issuing currency is the basic function of the central bank and the main source of funds for the central bank. The currency issued by the central bank is put on the market by means of rediscounting, refinancing, buying securities, buying gold and foreign exchange, etc., and becomes the currency in circulation and the debt of the central bank to the public.
2. All kinds of deposits
Including government and public institution deposits; Deposits from commercial banks and other financial institutions. As a national bank, the government usually entrusts the central bank with the responsibility of acting as an agent for the national treasury, and the central bank handles the deposits of the government and institutions. As a bank, the central bank's deposits in financial institutions include commercial bank deposit reserves and bill settlement demand deposits.
3. Other liabilities
Including liabilities to international financial institutions or the issuance of bonds by central banks.
Extended data
Characteristics of central bank's debt business:
The liabilities business of the central bank is the source of its assets, mainly including currency in circulation, various deposits and other liabilities. Although capital account is also its source of funds, it is not a liability in a strict sense. The liability business of commercial banks is also the business of absorbing funds to form a source of funds, which mainly includes deposit liabilities, other liabilities and self-owned capital. Compared with commercial banks, the central bank's debt business has the following characteristics:
(1) The currency circulating in its liability business is its unique project, and it is a monopoly liability business formed by its unique currency issuance right. Commercial banks do not have such liabilities, on the contrary, cash is an asset item in the balance sheet of commercial banks;
(2) Its business objects are different. Although the central bank's debt business also has deposits, there are two main types of deposit objects: one is the government and institutions, and the other is financial institutions such as commercial banks. Different from commercial banks, which take ordinary residents and enterprises as deposit business objects;
(3) Deposit business is compulsory. Different from the voluntary deposit principle of commercial banks, the law requires commercial banks to keep a certain amount of deposit reserve in the central bank, which is mandatory.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Central Bank Debt Business
Baidu Encyclopedia-Central Bank Balance Sheet