Credit rating, also known as credit rating, is a social intermediary service that provides credit information for the society or provides decision-making reference for the unit itself. Originally produced in the United States in the early 20th century. 1902, John moody, the founder of moody's company, began to rate the railway bonds issued at that time. Later, it was extended to various financial products and various evaluation objects. Because the objects and requirements of credit rating are different, the contents and methods of credit rating are also very different. We study the classification of credit in order to explore different credit rating standards and methods for different credit rating projects.

There are two definitions of credit rating: narrow definition and broad definition. In a narrow sense, credit rating means that an independent third-party credit rating agency evaluates the debtor's ability and willingness to repay the principal and interest of the debt on time and in full, and expresses the severity of its default risk and loss with simple rating symbols. Generalized credit rating is an overall evaluation of the ability and willingness of the rating object to fulfill relevant contracts and economic commitments.

There is no unified view on the concept of credit rating so far, but the connotation is roughly the same. Amber Zhongxin believes that it mainly includes three aspects:

First of all, the fundamental purpose of credit rating is to reveal the default risk of the assessed object, rather than other types of investment risks, such as interest rate risk, inflation risk, reinvestment risk and foreign exchange risk.

Secondly, the object of credit rating is the ability and willingness of economic subjects to fulfill their debts or other obligations on time according to the contract, not the value or performance of the enterprise itself.

Third, credit rating is an expert opinion issued by an independent third party on the credit risks of various economic entities and financial instruments by using its own technical advantages and professional experience. It can't replace the capital market investors to make their own investment choices.

It should be pointed out that credit rating is different from stock recommendation. The former is based on the debtor's default risk in the capital market, evaluating whether the debtor can repay the principal and interest in time, without commenting on the stock price itself; The latter is based on earnings per share (EPS) and price-earnings ratio (PE), and often judges the trend of the stock price itself. The former is aimed at creditors and the latter at shareholders.

Credit rating is a brand-new rating system with the development of new economy. Reputation is the combination of credit and reputation, credit is the internal foundation and reputation is the external performance. If a subject has a good reputation in the society, it must be based on good credit. On the contrary, if there is no good credit as the basis, it is generally impossible to have a good reputation; Also, even if you have good credit, you may not have a good reputation. Therefore, the subject of credit rating and the scope of evaluation generally exceed the subject of credit rating. Although there are similarities between evaluation methods and processes, they often emphasize multi-agent participation in evaluation.

The most famous credit rating field is BU credit rating. For ordinary users, BU rating is a permanent and free evaluation and inquiry system. Before we are ready to buy a product or service, we can easily find the latest situation of the product or service as a reference for our decision-making. Besides the difference between evaluation content and credit rating, the most important feature of BU rating is: real-time dynamic. It is this real-time quantitative evaluation method of reputation similar to the pricing of financial products that makes the rating results forward-looking, or has the function of market discovery for credit and reputation. Therefore, BU rating has a strong function of timely discovering institutions, their products and services, and even financial products. The following is the basic introduction:

BU credit rating is the abbreviation of "BU credit rating authentication system". BU certification body, as an independent, open and impartial third-party professional evaluation certification body, was founded by BESTUNIONS, a non-profit organization in Hong Kong.

The reputation of the authentication subject is the recognized credit and reputation obtained by all its behaviors or characteristics. As an international reputation evaluation and certification system, BU reputation rating aims at promoting the sustainable development of human beings and improving the social utility of human beings, and comprehensively, objectively and dynamically evaluates the status quo and development prospects of the evaluated objects.

BU certification application is free, the certification process is professional, rigorous and standardized, and the certification results are open, fair and just.