Customs inspection
(1) General provisions. Customs inspectors generally only ask passengers whether they have items that need to be declared, but some countries require travelers entering and exiting the country to fill in a "Passenger's Declaration of Items to Carry". Depending on work needs, the customs has the right to unpack and inspect the luggage and items carried by entry-exit passengers, but holders of diplomatic passports are generally exempt from inspection. Countries have different regulations on the management of entry-exit items. Generally, inspections of personal daily necessities and clothing are not very strict. Generally, items such as cigarettes, alcohol, and perfume can be released within a certain amount. Cultural relics, weapons, local currency, drugs, animals and plants are prohibited items and cannot enter or leave the country without permission. Some countries also require passengers to fill in a foreign currency declaration form, and foreign currencies exceeding a certain amount are not allowed to be taken out of the country.
In order to facilitate passengers entering and exiting the country, many large international airports have red and green channels. Passengers who do not carry taxable items can use the green channel and are not subject to inspection by customs officers; Passengers must take the red channel and accept inquiries from customs officers.
However, passengers who choose to take the green channel must confirm that they do not bring any taxed or prohibited items. Otherwise, if found, the prohibited items will be confiscated, and the passenger himself will be subject to heavy taxes, fines, and even legal sanctions. . At present, my country's major customs ports have also implemented a "red and green channel" inspection and release system.
(2) Inspection method and content. Customs inspections of foreign passengers or non-local residents in various countries fall into the following four situations:
A. Exemption from inspection. For example, some airports in Western Europe state "No need to declare to customs" at the customs office, or there is no one at the customs office at all.
B Oral declaration. Travelers do not need to fill out a customs declaration form. When passing through customs, customs officers only verbally ask what you have brought, and usually do not need to open the box for inspection.
C Passengers are required to fill in a customs declaration form, but when passing through customs, customs officers generally ask verbally whether they are carrying items restricted by customs, and rarely open the boxes for inspection.
Passenger D is allowed to fill in a customs declaration form and have to open the box for inspection when passing through customs.
The first three methods are more common, and the fourth method is less common.
(3) Declaration procedures. All Chinese citizens who enter and leave the country with legal documents and the luggage and items they carry must pass through the place with customs and go through customs procedures at the place and time designated by the customs. When undergoing customs inspection, passengers should disclose the number of pieces of luggage they carry, personal items for travel, brands, models, quantities of watches, cameras, tape recorders, photography, video cameras, etc., as well as the names, specifications, and other items that must be declared in writing. The quantity, weight and amount should be filled in in detail in the "Passenger Baggage Declaration Form". Accompanying family members with items that need to be declared to the customs can be combined on the same declaration form.
When filling out the baggage declaration form, you must comply with the relevant regulations of the customs. Certain items, such as weapons, narcotics, plants, etc., must be handed over to the customs for processing according to regulations; gifts and samples should be filled in the blanks of the declaration form; bring The foreign exchange you export must be submitted to the Bank of China for verification, that is, the foreign exchange portability certificate. If passengers have other luggage items transported separately, they should also indicate the number of luggage items, mode of transportation and provide a list in the declaration form.
During customs inspection, passengers should bring the filled-in declaration form and all luggage items they carry into or out of the country within the specified period. Passengers should also submit their original passport and item list. The passenger baggage declaration form shall be submitted to the customs for inspection.
The declaration form must be submitted in two copies. The first copy should be handed over to the customs for retention. The second copy should be stamped by the customs and given to the passenger for receipt. It will then be handed over to the customs for formalities on the return trip. When students studying abroad enter and exit the country, they must declare to the customs with the "Registration Certificate for Imported Duty-Free Articles" or "Returning Permit" held by them. Any declaration that is false or concealed will be dealt with by the customs in accordance with the law.
3. Safety inspection
Safety inspection is a preventive measure taken to ensure flight safety. In order to prevent passengers from secretly carrying weapons, ammunition and other dangerous items and armed hijacking of aircraft, most airports in the world conduct security checks on passengers and their luggage.
Security inspections for people going abroad are usually carried out after completing air tickets, border control, and customs procedures and before boarding the plane.
There are generally five methods for security inspection:
(1) Pass through the security gate. This door-type inspection device looks like a door frame, or is called a safety door or detection door. During inspection, passengers must place their hand luggage on the conveyor belt on the side of the security door and then pass through the security door.
(2) Close inspection with magnetic detector. Security inspectors sometimes use detectors to check passengers. When they find foreign objects on the passengers, they will hold a detector close to the passenger's body and search the whole body. When the instrument encounters metal objects such as watches, keys in pockets, and knives, , a special sound will be made.
(3) Body search. If the security inspector finds any abnormality through the instrument, he will conduct a personal body search on the passenger. Generally, male inspectors search for male passengers, and female inspectors search for female passengers.
(4) Use infrared perspective equipment to check carry-on luggage. During the inspection, the inspectors observed the hand luggage on the passenger conveyor belt through the monitoring screen. If suspicious items are found, they must be opened for inspection.
(5) Item inspection. Ask passengers to open all belongings for inspection.
Currently, the first four methods mentioned above are usually used internationally to inspect passengers. Generally, holders of diplomatic passports are exempt from inspection with their own passports. However, some countries and airlines stipulate that passengers from all countries must undergo the same security inspection in principle.
The tightness of security inspections is determined by the state of relations between countries, the prevailing situation and relevant airline regulations. At present, there are three main security inspection procedures at airports in Beijing and Shanghai in my country: one is to check documents. After entering the security area, passengers should first stamp their passports, air tickets, boarding passes and hand luggage tags with inspection seals; the other is to use infrared rays X-ray equipment checks the luggage and items carried by passengers; the third is to pass through the security gate. 4. Health and Quarantine
When passengers enter or exit the country, the border health and quarantine department must check vaccination certificates and health certificates. Some countries sometimes exempt people from testing, and sometimes have particularly strict inspections for certain infectious diseases. If it is found that necessary vaccinations have not been carried out, isolation and compulsory vaccination measures will be taken.
China’s border health and quarantine department decides whether to implement quarantine based on the country or region the passengers come from. When Chinese passengers return to China, they decide whether to implement quarantine based on the country or region they go to. However, regardless of whether you are leaving or entering the country, vaccinations and health examinations should be carried out. As the world's epidemic situation changes, infectious diseases that must be quarantined now include plague, cholera, yellow fever, AIDS, and sexually transmitted diseases.
(3) Items prohibited or restricted from entry or exit by customs
1. Items prohibited from entry or exit
(1) Various weapons, simulated weapons, ammunition and explosions Items;
(2) Counterfeit currency and counterfeit securities;
(3) Manuscripts and printed materials that are harmful to China’s politics, economy, culture, and morality or involve state secrets , film, photos, records, audio tapes, laser discs, computer storage media and other items.
(4) Various high explosives.
(5) Opium, morphine, heroin, marijuana and other narcotics and psychotropic drugs that can make people sick;
(6) Dangerous germs, pests and others Pestful animals, plants and their products;
(7) Food, medicine or other items that are harmful to the health of humans and animals, come from epidemic areas, and can spread diseases;
(8) Precious cultural relics and other cultural relics prohibited from export;
(9) Endangered and precious animals, plants, their seeds and breeding materials;
2. Restricted entry and exit items
(1) Gold, silver and other precious metals and their products;
(2) Foreign currencies and their securities;
(3) Radio transceivers and communication security machines;
(4) Valuable Chinese medicinal materials and patent medicines;
(5) National currency
(6) General cultural relics and customs limit management Other items;
3. Instructions for carrying several special items
(1) Carrying gold, silver and their products into and out of the country
The amount of gold carried by each person The silver limit is: 5 qian for gold jewelry and 5 qian for silver jewelry. If the goods are inspected by the customs and meet the regulations, they will be released. When returning, the original goods must be brought back.
If you carry gold and silver products that exceed the above regulations, you must provide relevant certificates to the local People's Bank of China or its entrusted agency before leaving the country. After verifying the name and quantity of the gold and silver you are carrying and the products, you must apply for a "carrying permit" Gold and silver exit permit", the customs will inspect and release it based on this.
(2) Carrying foreign exchange and foreign exchange bills in and out of the country
If students studying abroad carry or carry foreign exchange out of the country, the customs must present the certificate from the Administration of Foreign Exchange, Bank of China, CITIC Industrial Bank or the original entry certificate The declaration form will be inspected and released at the time.
Overseas bonds, stocks, real estate deeds, and various certificates and contracts related to the handling of overseas claims, inheritance, real estate and other foreign exchange assets must be approved by the Administration of Foreign Exchange before they can be taken out of the country. When carrying foreign currency of less than 1,000 US dollars or equivalent in other foreign currencies, the customs is exempted from verification and signature.
(3) Carrying and exporting cultural relics by mail
According to my country’s Cultural Relics Protection Law and relevant customs regulations, carrying, consigning and personally mailing cultural relics out of the country must be declared to the customs in advance.
Calligraphy and painting works by late famous modern painters belong to the scope of cultural relics. If you want to take them out of the country, you should go through the same appraisal. Customs clearance procedures.
If you want to bring old cultural relics out of the country, you must declare them to the customs and have them authenticated by the relevant cultural administrative departments and issue an export license certificate.
Imitation and replicas of cultural relics made since the founding of the People's Republic of China, as well as general modern calligraphy and painting works, do not fall within the scope of cultural relics.
Cultural relics export licensing procedures are handled by the four ports of Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Guangzhou and the provincial cultural relics management department