National Day: 65438+ 10/2 (Spain-America Day 1492)

National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 3: 2. The flag surface consists of three parallel horizontal rectangles, all of which are red from top to bottom, each accounting for1/4 of the flag surface; The middle is yellow. The yellow part is painted with the national emblem of Spain on the left. Red and yellow are the traditional colors that the Spanish people love, and they represent the four ancient kingdoms that make up Spain.

National emblem: the central pattern is the coat of arms. There are six patterns on the shield: a yellow castle on the red ground in the upper left corner and a red lion wearing a crown on the white ground in the upper right corner. The castle and the lion are symbols of ancient Spain, symbolizing Castilla and Leon respectively; In the lower left corner is a yellow-red vertical bar, symbolizing Aragon in the northeast; In the lower right corner is a golden chain net on the red ground, symbolizing Navarra in the north; The bottom is a red pomegranate with green leaves on a white background, symbolizing Granada in the south; There are three lilies in the blue oval in the center of the shield, which symbolizes the country's prosperity, people's happiness and national unity. There is a big crown at the top of the coat of arms, which is a symbol of state power. There is a Hercules column on each side of the coat of arms. Also known as the Hercules Silver Pillar, the top of the left and right pillars are the crown and the imperial crown respectively, and the ribbon wound on the pillar reads "There are continents overseas".

National anthem: the royal March

National flower: pomegranate flower

National Stone: Emerald

Currency: peseta >>& gt

State dignitaries: King Juan Carlos I and Prime Minister Rodrí guez Zapatero were elected in March 2004 and sworn in in April. Speaker of the Spanish Senate

Francisco Javier Rojo García took office in 2004.

Physical geography: covers an area of 505,925 square kilometers. Iberian peninsula in southwest Europe. It borders the Bay of Biscay in the north, Portugal in the west, Morocco in Africa across the Strait of Gibraltar in the south, France and Andorra in the northeast, and the Mediterranean Sea in the east and southeast. The coastline is about 7800 kilometers long. The territory is mountainous and is one of the alpine countries in Europe. 35% of the country's areas are above 1000 meters above sea level, and the plains only account for 1 1%. The main mountain ranges are Cantabria and Pyrenees. The Mullah Peak in the south is 3478 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in China. The central plateau has a continental climate, the northern and northwestern coasts have a maritime temperate climate, and the southern and southeastern parts have a Mediterranean subtropical climate.

Population: 42 765 438+700,000 (2003). Mainly Castilians (that is, Spaniards), and ethnic minorities include Catalans, Basques and Galicians. The official language and national language are Castilian, that is, Spanish. Minority languages are also the official languages of this region. 96% of the residents believe in Catholicism.

Statue of Don Quixote and his servant in "Spain Square"

Capital: Madrid, population 3,065,438+600,000 (2002).

Administrative divisions: The whole country is divided into 17 autonomous regions, 50 provinces and more than 8,000 towns. 17 The autonomous regions are: Andalusia, Aragon, asturias, Balearic, Basque, Canary, Cantabria, Castilla-Leon, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, Estremadura, Galicia, Madrid, Murcia, Navarra, la rioja and Valencia.

Brief history: Celts migrated from Central Europe in the 9th century BC. Since the 8th century BC, Iberian Peninsula has been invaded by foreigners and ruled by Romans, Visigoths and Moors for a long time. The Spanish have long resisted foreign aggression. 1492, they won the "Recovery Movement" and established the earliest unified central kingship country in Europe.

San Fermin Festival is famous for its unique running of cattle.

In June 65438+in the same year 10, Columbus discovered the West Indies. Since then, Spain has gradually become a maritime power with colonies in Europe, America, Africa and Asia. 1588, the "Armada" was defeated by Britain and began to decline. 1873, the bourgeois revolution broke out and the first Republic was established. 1874 65438+ February Dynasty Restoration. In the Spanish-American War of 1898, the last colonies in America and Asia-Pacific-Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines were lost. Remain neutral in the first world war. 193 1 In April, the dynasty was overthrown and the Second Republic was established. 1936 In February, a coalition government with the participation of the Socialist Party and the Producer Party was established. In July of the same year, Franco launched a rebellion. After three years of civil war, he seized power in April of 1939 and practiced dictatorship for 36 years. 1943 In February, it entered into a military alliance with Germany and participated in the war of aggression against the Soviet Union. 1947 In July, Franco declared Spain a monarchy and became a lifelong head of state. 1in July, 966, Juan Carlos, grandson of the last king Alfonso XIII, was appointed as the heir. 1975 1 1 Franco died of illness, Juan Carlos I ascended the throne and the monarchy was restored. 1in July, 976, the king appointed the former secretary-general of the National Movement, A Suarez, as prime minister, and began the transition to western parliamentary democracy.

Spanish bull-running festival

Politics: According to the Constitution, Spain is a country with social democracy and the rule of law and a parliamentary monarchy. The throne was inherited by Juan Carlos I and his direct descendants. The king is the head of state and the supreme commander of the armed forces, representing the country. Parliament is composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives, which exercises the legislative power of the state, examines and approves the budget and supervises the work of the government. The government is responsible for governing the country and reporting to the parliament.

Spanish terrorist organization "ETA"

Question of Gibraltar

Visit Gibraltar, a disputed island between Britain and the West.

Spain, Britain and Gibraltar signed a historic cooperation agreement.

Xiban fought with the bull.

Economy: Spain is a moderately developed capitalist industrial country. The gross domestic product ranks eighth in the Organization for Economic Development and 1 1 in the world. The main minerals are 8.8 billion tons of coal, 65.438+0.9 billion tons of iron, 500 million tons of pyrite, 4 million tons of copper, 6.5438+0.9 million tons of zinc and 700,000 tons of mercury. The total forest area is 1 179.2 hectares. The main industrial sectors are shipbuilding, steel, automobile, cement, mining, construction, textile, chemical, leather, electric power and other industries. Service industry is an important pillar of the western national economy, including culture, education, health, commerce, tourism, scientific research, social insurance, transportation and finance, among which tourism and finance are relatively developed. Tourism is an important pillar of the western economy and one of the main sources of foreign exchange. Famous tourist attractions include Madrid, Barcelona, Seville, Sunshine Coast and Beautiful Coast.

Press and publication: national newspapers 155, national magazines 170. The main newspapers are El Pais, Abesai, Le Monde, Catalonia and Pioneer. The main news agency is the official news agency Effie, which was established in June 1939. There are also private European news agencies and Rogos news agencies. The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television is in charge of radio and television. There are more than 200 radio stations in China, mainly Spanish National Radio, private Spanish Broadcasting Company, Intercontinental Radio and Spanish People's Broadcasting Station. Spanish TV is a state-owned national TV station with two channels. There are also local TV stations in Andalusia, Catalonia, Galicia, Basque and Madrid. 1989, the government approved the establishment of three private TV stations: multi-channel, antenna -3 and TV 5. 1997 two digital TV stations began to operate.

Diplomacy: it advocates "peace and security" and pursues a foreign policy of "Europeanization, Westernization and Democratization" with "peace, disarmament, protection of human rights and international cooperation and unity" as the leading principles.

Relations with China:1On March 9, 973, Spain established diplomatic relations with China. In April 2005, Spanish Senate President Royo Garcia visited China. In July 2005, Spanish Prime Minister Zapatero paid an official visit to China. In 2004, the bilateral trade volume reached US$ 7.223 billion. From June to May 2005, it was $398,654.38 billion, up 48.3% year-on-year. From June 5 to 10, 2005, President Hu Jintao paid a state visit to Spain. In July 2006, Spanish Crown Prince Felipe paid an official visit to China.