Chinese name: Lily
Mbth: Lily.
Alias: Qiangqu, Fanjiu, Shandan and Daoxian.
Efficacy: nourishing yin and clearing heat, benefiting essence and blood.
Main varieties: Lilium longiflorum, Lilium lancifolium and so on.
Liliaceae lilies have unique scenery.
Latin scientific name: Lily variety. Viridulum English name: Lily Chinese alias: Qiangqu, Fanjiu, Shandan and Daoxian Lily are mainly used for viewing, and their bulbs are rich in starch, and some varieties can be eaten as vegetables; Lanzhou lily is famous for its edible value in the world. It was first recorded in Pingliang County, Gansu Province, with a history of more than 450 years. At present, edible lily is widely planted in Qilihe and other areas of Lanzhou, and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. Lanzhou lily is big and sweet, which can be used as both a snack and a dish. Lily soup made by Gundan in Yixing is a good summer product. Lily can also be made into dried lily and lily powder, which is very expensive in the international market. Up to now, lily is still a commonly used medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that lily is slightly cold and flat, and has the effects of clearing fire, moistening lung and calming nerves. Its flowers and scaly stems can be used as medicine, and it is a kind of flower for both medicine and food. Lily is known as "Shang Yun Fairy". Because of its elegant and pure appearance, Catholicism regards lily as a symbol of Maria, while Vatican regards lily as a symbol of national independence and economic prosperity and regards it as a national flower. Lily bulbs are made of scales, which means "a hundred years of harmony" and "all the best". China people have regarded it as an essential auspicious flower at weddings since ancient times. Lily can be used as focus flower and skeleton flower in flower arrangement modeling. Belonging to special flower materials. Distribution of origin: temperate regions such as China, Japan, North America and Europe. Lily, with graceful posture, beautiful green leaves and slender stems, is a valuable cut flower rookie. Classification of families and genera: Plant phylum: Angiosperm phylum: Monocotyledon phylum: Liliaceae: Liliaceae: Liliaceae: Liliaceae: Liliaceae.
principal item
Korean lily? Jin Baihe? Lily? Lily Brown II? Canadian Lily Wild Lily Whole Plant
Bai Baihe? Lily? Taiwan lily? Lily. Geneva. Astrologer Lily (]] (Lily cv. "Star Gazer")? Chestnut lily? Humboldt lily? Lily hybrid? Lilium lancifolium? Musk lily? European lily? Nepalese lily? European lily? Lily with thin leaves? Emperor lily? There are many kinds of lilies 100.
morphological character
Perennial bulbous herbaceous flowers, plant height 40-60 cm, some as high as 1 m. The stem is erect, unbranched, grass-green, with red or purple-brown spots at the base of the stem. There are bulbs under the ground, which are wide oval or lanceolate, white or yellowish, and the fleshy scales with a diameter of 6-8 cm are huddled together, and there is a membrane outside. Most fibrous roots are born at the base of the ball. Simple leaves, alternate, narrowly linear, petiole-free, directly attached to the stem, with parallel veins. Some varieties produce purple or green granular beads between leaf axils, and their beads can be propagated into small plants. Flowers are inserted at the top of stem, which are racemes, clustered or solitary, with large corolla, long tube, funnel-shaped trumpet, and sepals divided into six parts. Because of the slender stems and large flowers, they often droop or stretch horizontally when they are open. Colors vary from species to species, mostly yellow, white, pink, orange-red, some with purple or black spots, and a flower with many colors is very beautiful. Petals are flat and rolled outward, so they have the reputation of "rolling Dan" and some flowers are fragrant, so they are called "musk lily". Flowers fall and bear long oval capsules.
Habitual characteristics
Sexual preference for water and light requires fertile sandy soil with rich humus, deep soil layer and good drainage, and most varieties should grow in slightly acidic to neutral soil.
Cultivation management
Lily was originally a short-day plant growing in the forests and grasses of southwest and northwest Shan Ye, so most varieties like cool and humid semi-shady environment and are more hardy. It grows in fertile sandy soil rich in humus and well-drained soil, with developed bulbs and bright colors. Lilium lancifolium likes warm and dry climate conditions and is more resistant to sunlight. Lily is suitable for nitrogen fertilizer, including bean cake, vegetable cake, farm compost and nitrogen and phosphorus.
Potassium compound fertilizer is the best. During the growth period of lily, it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed regularly, and combine watering and fertilization for intertillage. Generally, dilute fertilizer is applied 2-3 times in the growth period to promote the growth and development of its plants and seedlings. Apply 1-2 times of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer when the bud is close to flowering to ensure that the seedlings have sufficient nutrition in the bud stage and flowering stage, which can not only make the flowers huge and bright, but also promote the development of bulbs. When planting in a large area, attention should be paid to ventilation and proper shade. If planted or potted in a small area, for ornamental varieties with many branches and thin flowers, brackets should be set to prevent the flowers from breaking. Although there are few diseases and insect pests in lily, we should also pay attention to prevention and control. When planting lilies, the north should choose a sunny place to avoid the wind, and the south can plant them in a slightly shady place. The suitable planting time is August-September. Apply sufficient base fertilizer one month before planting and dig deep into the soil. Compost and plant ash can be used as base fertilizer. Planting should be deep (generally 3-4 times the diameter of the bulb) to facilitate the rhizome to absorb nutrients. If the planting in the north is too shallow, it will be vulnerable to freezing injury in winter, which will affect the growth of roots and bulbs. It is not suitable for intertillage and weeding during the growing period, so as not to damage the rhizome. If possible, sprinkle some sawdust on the planting ground to cover the soil. This can not only prevent weeds from growing, but also preserve moisture and reduce soil moisture, which is beneficial to bulb development. Potting should be carried out in September-65438+10. Culture soil should be mixed with humus soil, sandy soil and garden soil at the ratio of 65,438+0: 65,438+0: 65,438+0, and the bottom of the basin should be fully decomposed with compost and a small amount of bone meal as base fertilizer. The planting depth is generally about 2-3 times of the bulb diameter. Lily doesn't have high requirements for fertilizer, so it is more suitable to apply fertilizer in the early spring growth and early flowering. Some foreign growers think that lily needs nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, and it should be applied every 10- 15 days during the growing period, but the supply of phosphorus fertilizer should be limited, because too much phosphorus fertilizer will cause the leaves to turn yellow. Phosphate fertilizer can be applied at flowering stage for 1-2 days. In order to enrich bulbs, residual flowers should be cut off in time after flowering to reduce nutrient consumption. Water only needs to keep the soil moist, but it should be watered frequently in peak season and dry weather, and water should be sprayed frequently around the flowerpot to improve the air humidity. Pot soil should not be too wet, otherwise bulbs will rot easily. Potted lilies should be replaced with new culture soil and base fertilizer once a year. In addition, flowerpots should be rotated once a week during the growing period. Otherwise, plants tend to grow tall and affect their appearance. At present, the newly rising Jin Baihe still needs to import seeds from abroad. In the process of planting, there is a great demand for phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Before sowing, it is best to use some bone meal, plant ash and peanut drum as base fertilizer. Proper topdressing of chemical nitrogen fertilizer at seedling stage can make seedlings grow vigorously. In the south of the Yangtze River, it takes about 120 days for early-maturing varieties in Jin Baihe from sowing to flowering. It takes about 15O days for middle and late maturing varieties. If you want to control the flowering and listing before the Spring Festival, you must know the maturity of the purchased varieties in advance, predict the weather changes and determine the sowing date to prevent the mistake of not being listed in the current season. Bai Baihe and Jin Baihe are cold-tolerant, light-loving, fertilizer-tolerant and moisture-tolerant, and the suitable growth temperature is 12 ~ 18℃. Even if the temperature drops to 3 ~ 5℃ in winter, it will not freeze to death. If there is no sunshine, long-term shading will affect normal flowering. However, they are widely adaptable to the region, and can be planted or potted in both north and south. Because it is a bulbous plant, it can be sown directly with the seed head, and the sowing depth is required to be six or seven centimeters, so that the lateral roots can take root deeply and absorb as many nutrients as possible. Sandy loam is the best planting material, but clay and calcareous soil are not suitable. If pond mud is used for planting, some river sand and carbon chips should be properly mixed to make the planting materials loose and breathable, so as to blossom in time. Cultivation of Cut Lily (1) Land preparation Lily should be planted in deep, fertile and loose loam or sandy loam to avoid water accumulation. Dig the land to a depth of 30 cm, decompose the base fertilizer, apply 2500-3000 kg manure per mu, cake fertilizer 100- 15O kg, and calcium superphosphate 20-30 kg, rake it into the soil, level and ditch it, and dig deep drains around it to facilitate drainage. Some varieties of Asian lily and canned lily can be planted in neutral or slightly alkaline soil, while Oriental lily is required to be planted in slightly acidic or neutral soil. If the pH value of the soil is not suitable, it should be improved. Lily is sensitive to soil salt, so after the first crop of flowers is harvested, it is necessary to use flood irrigation to wash salt or change soil, otherwise the second crop of flowers may have iron deficiency and yellowing physiological diseases. The old producing areas should be rotated for 3-4 years. (2) It is best to choose the seed ball with the circumference of 12- 14cm, or 10- 12cm. Bulbs with the circumference of 12- 14cm are best used except dairy queen, and bulbs with the circumference of 10- 12 cm can be used for other varieties. The bulb size of Oriental Lily should be above 16cm, and some varieties can also choose 14- 16cm bulbs. The seed balls should be intact and free from pests and diseases. (3) The planting time mainly depends on the listing time of cut flowers and the growth period of lily varieties, and it can be planted in Kunming anniversary. On the basis of normal flower production, 1 late October to1early October 165438+ cut flowers are on the market and can be planted from late August to early September; If you want to flower continuously from June 1 1 to April of the following year, you can refrigerate the seeds and take them out one after another before 1 month. Planting density varies with varieties, bulb sizes and seasons. 50-60 Asian hybrids /m2, 45-55 Oriental hybrids and musk hybrids/m2; The same variety, the big ball is thinner and the small ball is denser; Winter with weak sunshine is thinner than spring and autumn. The planting depth can reach about 6cm in winter and 8cm in summer. (4) Soil, fertilizer and water management Lily likes to be wet during the growing period, but is afraid of waterlogging. Water should be poured once after planting, and then it should be kept wet, not too wet, and there should be no shortage of water in the flower bud differentiation stage, bud emergence stage and low temperature treatment stage after flowering. Lily likes fertilizer. After 3-4 weeks of field planting, nitrogen and potassium should be the main topdressing, and less and diligent. However, alkaline and fluorine-containing fertilizers should be avoided to avoid burning leaves. Under normal circumstances, acid fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate can be used, and fertilizers such as compound fertilizer and diammonium phosphate should not be used. (5) Light and temperature management Lily is sensitive to temperature, and management has three critical periods. The first stage is 20-30 days after planting, and the temperature does not exceed 30℃, in which the Asian lily does not exceed 25℃. The second period is from budding to cutting flower harvesting. If the temperature continues to be lower than 5℃ or higher than 30℃, the calyx will crack. The third stage is the post-anthesis low-temperature treatment stage, the highest temperature should be controlled below 15- 18℃, and the lowest temperature should be controlled above 0℃. Summer production should be moderately shaded and the temperature should be reduced. (6) When the first bud on the flower branch is completely swollen and transparent, harvest it. Opening it too early will affect the design and color. If it is too late, it will not only cause packaging difficulties, but also pollute the petals due to pollen release. Cut flowers before 10 in the morning. Flowers should leave the greenhouse as soon as possible and be inserted into clear water in time.
Breeding mode
There are four breeding methods of lily: sowing, dividing bulbs, cutting scales and dividing buds. You can choose any one according to your needs. 1. Seeding and reproduction: Seeding belongs to sexual reproduction and is mainly used for breeding. The method is: harvest the seeds in autumn and store them until sowing in the next spring. Germinate about 20-30 days after sowing. Appropriate shading should be provided at seedling stage. In autumn, the underground part has formed small bulbs, which can be dug out and planted separately. Due to different species, some seedlings bloom in three years, and some need to be cultivated for many years before flowering. So this method is not suitable for families.
2. Small bulb method: If it is necessary to cultivate 1 plant or several plants, this method can be used. Usually there are some small bulbs around the stem disk of old bulbs. When lilies are harvested from September to June, these bulbs can be separated and stored in indoor sand for the winter. Potted seeds were planted in the following spring. 10 When cultivated from September to June in the third year, it can grow into large bulbs and cultivate into large plants. This method has a small amount of reproduction and is only suitable for family pot breeding. 3. Scale cutting method: This method can be used for medium-sized replication. Dig out the bulbs in autumn and break off the plump scales on the old scales one by one. There should be a small part of stem disc at the base of each scale, which is slightly dried in the shade, and then cut into flower pots or shallow wooden boxes, which are filled with river sand (or vermiculite), so that two-thirds of scales are inserted into the substrate, and the substrate keeps a certain humidity. Under the condition of about 20 degrees, about 1 month and a half, the scale injury will take root and sprout. In winter, the humidity should be kept at about 18 degrees, and the river sand should not be too wet. By the next spring, the scales can grow into small bulbs, which can be divided into blocks, planted in pots, carefully managed and cultivated for about 3 years before flowering. 4. Pearl bud method: Pearl bud method is only applicable to a few varieties. Such as lily, yellow iron cannon, etc. , often use this method. The practice is: take down the small bulbs (also called "small bulbs", which have fully grown in summer, but have not yet fallen off) formed in the axils of stems and leaves on the ground and cultivate them. It usually takes 2-4 years from growing into a big bulb to flowering. In order to promote the propagation of more bulblets, after flowering, the aboveground stems can be crushed and buried in shallow soil-the aboveground stems can be divided into small segments of 3-4 leaves, and the shallow buried stems can grow bulblets in the axils of leaves. After lily blooms, many people throw away bulbs. In fact, it still has the ability to regenerate. Just cut off the residual leaves, dig out the bulbs in the pot and bury them in the sand, so as to keep them moist and not get sunburned. It can still be planted 1 time in the next year, and it is expected to bloom twice. The meaning of different colors of lily: Bai Baihe: a symbol of a century of harmony and greatness. Pink lily: a symbol of purity and elegance. Yellow lily: a symbol of wealth and nobility. Black Lily: Love and Curse The flower language of different varieties of lilies: Lily (all lilies): smooth, successful, blessed and noble perfume. Lily: Pure, wedding blessing, noble Bai Baihe: Pure and solemn. Soul mate black lily: love and curse pink lily: pure and lovely red lily: always love you yellow lily: recover soon sunflower lily: victory, honor, wealth, honor, purity and elegance wild lily: always happy foxtail lily: noble, strong and outstanding corn lily: persistent love, brave weaving lily: talent, majesty, Excellence and honor. Elegant Christmas Lily: Happy, Celebrated, Sincere Narcissus Lily: Happy, looking forward to meeting Lily: 1, you are my only 2, you are my only, I wish you happiness 3, I love you, please forgive me 4, pledge of eternal love, love for ever, deja vu 5, no regrets 6, I wish you all the best 7, happy meeting, I wish you happiness. Perfection, the joy of your 6544 growth is 15, the person who keeps you is 16, the joy of growth is 17, and it is good to get together and leave. Let love end with 19, and wait for 20 flowers all my life. Two of a kind, you are my favorite 22 flowers. Both of them are right. You will live forever. I miss you so much, 25, 26 without suspicion, 30 with old love and new love, 32 with love and no words. I tell you, I won't be half-hearted, 33 with deep affection, calling for my love for you, 44 with sincerity, 50 with vows of eternal love, 56 with no regrets, 57 with love, 66 with my wife, and love is smooth sailing. True love remains unchanged at the age of 77, and it is destined to meet thousands of miles away. Marry me at the age of 80, and let me make up for you with all my efforts at the age of 88, and make up for all my mistakes with all my heart at the age of 99. Forever, I will accompany you for 65,438+000, with all my love, to grow old together for a hundred years. You are my only love.
Too many. See Baidu Encyclopedia for details.