China is the largest grain producer in the world. In recent years, it has produced more than 500 million tons of grain every year. China feeds 22% of the world's population with less than 65,438+00% of the world's arable land.
The United States has a highly developed agriculture and a high degree of mechanization, with an annual grain output of about 500 million tons, making it the second largest grain producer in the world. The grain export volume of the United States ranks first in the world, with an annual export volume of about1.500 million tons.
India is also one of the largest grain producers in the world, with an annual output of about 230 million tons. India is a populous country, and the grain produced is basically used for domestic consumption.
In 2009, Brazil's grain output reached 1.465438+ billion tons, making it one of the largest grain-producing countries in the world. Brazil is the second largest soybean exporter and the third largest corn producer in the world, and its corn exports rank among the top five in the world.
Russia is also a big grain producer in the world, and its grain output in 2008 was nearly 1. 1 100 million tons. In 2009, Russia's grain exports ranked third in the world.
Ukraine is a major food producer and exporter in the world. In 2009, the total grain output was 46 million tons, and the export volume exceeded 2 1 10,000 tons, which tied with Russia as the third largest grain exporter in the world.
Agriculture and animal husbandry in Australia is developed, with the annual output of wheat and barley exceeding 28 million tons and the export exceeding/kloc-0.8 million tons.
Kazakhstan, a Central Asian country, is one of the largest grain exporters in the world. In 2007, the grain output reached 206.5438 million tons, of which about 6.5438 million tons were exported.
France is the largest agricultural producer in the European Union and a major exporter of agricultural products and food in the world. Food processing industry is one of the pillar industries for France to obtain foreign exchange, and its export volume is second only to that of the United States, ranking second in the world.
In addition, Canada is also a big grain producer and exporter, and South America is also a big grain producer besides Brazil and Argentina.
Effect of moisture on grain storage
The moisture content of grain after harvest is of great significance to its commercial use or planting. The ideal moisture content of grain is the critical point of microbial growth when the grain is dried to the stored grain. Under this moisture condition, the storage safety of grain can be guaranteed, the freshness and edible quality of grain can be maintained to the maximum extent, and the germination rate and seed quality of grain can also be maintained to the maximum extent. Moisture and temperature are the main factors affecting grain respiration, but they are not isolated, but mutually restricted. When the moisture content of grain is the lowest, the temperature has little effect on respiration; When the moisture content of grain increases, the respiratory intensity caused by temperature changes dramatically. According to the experiment, the moisture meter is 18%? 23% of the grain is at 50? 55? At the temperature of C, breathing rises sharply and then drops suddenly. But the moisture content is 14%? 16% of the grain has almost no change in respiratory capacity at the same temperature for several days and nights. Similarly, at low temperature, moisture has little effect on respiration, and at low temperature, grain with high moisture can be safely stored. For example, in northern China, the temperature is very low in winter, and wheat with a water content of 20% can also be stored for a short time; When the grain temperature rises in summer, the safe moisture should be kept at 13%? 14.5%; The safe water content of rice in summer in Beijing is 13.5%, while the temperature in Shanghai is high and must be controlled below 12.0%. Obviously, the storage stability of grain is affected by temperature and moisture. As long as the moisture and temperature of grain are well controlled, the growth of molds, mites and insects can be completely inhibited and the harm to stored grain can be avoided. Grain moisture detection is of great significance to grain purchase, transportation, storage, processing and trade.
World food day
World Food Day (WFD for short) is a day that governments around the world hold commemorative activities around the development of food and agricultural production in June 65438+1October 65438+June. World Food Remembrance Day is the 20th session of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (hereinafter referred to as? Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations? The General Assembly decided that19811016 would be the first anniversary of World Food Day. Since then, every year on this day, various commemorative activities will be held for World Food Day. It aims to remind people of the long-standing problem of food shortage in third world countries, and urges governments and people of all countries to take action to increase food production, distribute food more rationally and fight hunger and malnutrition. On the same day, China's State Grain Administration will launch an initiative for the first time to national grain cadres and workers, advocating voluntary participation in 24-hour hunger experience activities to better alert the world? Good years don't forget bad years, increase production and save, and consumption can't be wasted? .