Zhang Shouhua, a metal material scientist and metallurgical educator, is the main founder and pioneer of the Department of Metal Materials of Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel (now the Department of Material Science and Engineering of University of Science and Technology Beijing) and the major of metallographic heat treatment. He is developing new steel grades of alloy steel suitable for China's resource conditions; Developing rapid solidification technology and developing new superalloys; Study on phase transformation and strengthening and toughening; Important achievements have been made in the development of large rollers. He taught and educated people and trained a group of academic leaders in the field of metal materials.
Chinese name: Zhang Shouhua
Nationality: China
Birthplace: Suzhou, Jiangsu Province
Date of birth: October 26, 1917
Occupation: scientist, educator
Graduating institution: Tangshan Institute of Technology, Jiaotong University (now Southwest Jiaotong University)
Major achievements: National scientific and technological progress was made in 1988.
Biography of Alloy Steel
Born in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province on October 26th, 1917. In 1939, he graduated from Tangshan Institute of Technology (now Southwest Jiaotong University) with a bachelor's degree in mining and metallurgy engineering.
from 1939 to 1941, he worked as an intern, engineer and assistant engineer in Dadukou Iron and Steel Plant, Sichuan.
from 1942 to 1944, he was an assistant engineer in Sichuan Qijiang Electrochemical Smelter.
from 1944 to 1946, he was a graduate student in the Department of Metallurgical Engineering of Carnegie Institute of Technology, USA, and obtained a master's degree in metallurgical engineering.
from 1946 to 1947, he worked as an intern engineer in Westinghouse Electric Manufacturing Company.
from 1947 to 1948, he was a research assistant in the metal laboratory of Carnegie Institute of Technology.
from 1949 to 1952, he served as an associate professor and professor in the Department of Mining and Metallurgy of Tangshan Institute of Technology (later renamed Tangshan Railway Institute, now Southwest Jiaotong University).
from 1952 to 1966, he served as professor and head of the Department of Metallography and Heat Treatment and the Department of Technology (including metallographic heat treatment and pressure processing) of Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel.
From 1966 to 1978, he was a professor in the Department of Technology and the Department of Metal Materials of Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel.
from 1978 to 1984, he was a professor, doctoral supervisor and head of the Department of Materials in Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel.
Life of Characters
In his early years
Zhang Shouhua was born in a scholarly family in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province on October 26th, 1917. He has been diligent and studious since childhood. In 1935, he was admitted to the Department of Mining and Metallurgy of Tangshan Institute of Technology of Jiaotong University (now Southwest Jiaotong University), and graduated in 1939 with a bachelor's degree in mining and metallurgy engineering with honors. After graduating from college, he was employed as an assistant engineer in Sichuan Dadukou Iron and Steel Plant and Sichuan Qijiang Electrochemical Smelter.
Studying in the United States
In October p>1944, Zhang Shouhua went to study in the United States with the patriotic desire to save the country through industry. In 1946, he obtained a master's degree in metallurgical engineering from Carnegie Institute of Technology, and then worked as an intern engineer in Westinghouse Electric Appliance Manufacturing Company. In July 1947, he was employed as a research assistant in the Metal Research Office of Carnegie Institute of Technology. Being in the United States, Zhang Shouhua always cares about the development of the domestic political situation and is gratified by the successful development of the people's liberation cause led by China's * * * production party. On the eve of the birth of the People's Republic of China, he resolutely gave up the excellent working and living conditions abroad and the good opportunity to continue his doctoral studies and returned to the motherland.
Returning to the Motherland
In September p>1949, he was employed by Tangshan Institute of Technology of Jiaotong University (later renamed Tangshan Railway Institute) as an associate professor and professor. In 1952, the national departments were adjusted, and the Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel was newly established. Zhang Shouhua was transferred to work in the institute, and served as professor and head of the Department of Metallography and Heat Treatment and the Department of Technology (including metallographic heat treatment and pressure processing) successively. With a high degree of enthusiasm and sense of responsibility, he persisted in the front line of teaching and scientific research for a long time and worked hard for the preparation and development of colleges, departments and disciplines. After 1978, Zhang Shouhua continued to be a professor and head of the Department of Metal Materials (now the Department of Materials Science and Engineering). In 1981, he was hired as the first doctoral supervisor of metal materials and heat treatment. During this period, he made important contributions to rectifying teaching order, improving teaching quality, strengthening discipline construction, promoting exchanges between China and foreign countries, cultivating academic echelon, and broadening discipline fields.
Hold an important position
Zhang Shouhua has been a member of the Beijing Municipal People's Political Consultative Conference since 1959. In academic circles, he served as the first to fourth director of China Metal Society, and was elected as an honorary member of China Metal Society in 1991. He has also served as the first vice chairman of the Academic Committee of Metal Physics and Metallurgy of China Metal Society; The first and second vice presidents of the Society of Materials Science of China Metal Society; The second vice chairman and the third honorary director of the Heat Treatment Society of China Mechanical Engineering Society; Honorary chairman of Beijing Heat Treatment Technology Association. In 1989, he was elected as an international member of American Metal Society.
fruitful results
Zhang Shouhua has carried out scientific research work in close connection with the actual production development of China's metallurgical industry and the frontier issues of material science development. He covers a wide range, is pioneering and fruitful. As early as 1957, he discovered the uneven nucleation of martensite at austenite grain boundaries and twin grain boundaries. In 1987, he won the third prize of scientific and technological progress of China Nonferrous Metals Corporation for his research on the mechanical properties of WC-Co cemented carbide. In 1988, his "Study on Fracture Characteristic Diagram of Fatigue Creep Interaction" won the first prize of theoretical achievement of the State Education Commission.
In recognition of Zhang Shouhua's important contribution in the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" national key scientific and technological project "Development and Application of Alloy Steel and Low Alloy Steel", the State Science and Technology Commission and the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry awarded him the "Certificate of Honor for Important Contribution". Since 1956, Zhang Shouhua has published 5 representative papers in famous journals at home and abroad. Publish an academic monograph (Rapid Solidification Technology and New Alloys); Editor-in-chief of two professional textbooks for colleges and universities (Metal Heat Treatment and Alloy Steel) and the metallurgic part of Encyclopedia of China Mining and Metallurgy Volume; He has edited the Proceedings of the 1985 International Conference on Low-alloy High-strength Steel, the Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Mechanical Behavior of Materials in 1986 and the Proceedings of the 199 International Conference on Low-alloy High-strength Steel. Zhang Shouhua's scientific research achievements are highly valued by his colleagues in the field of materials, and he was invited to give lectures at universities and research institutions in the United States, Canada and other countries.
main works
1 Zhang Shouhua. Metal heat treatment. Beijing: China Industry Press, 1961.
2 Wu Chengjian, Li Chengji, Zhang Shouhua. Transformation of carbon steel and silicon steel during tempering. Papers on the 1th anniversary of Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel, 1962: 17.
3 Zhang Shouhua, Tian Yue. 1962: 1.
4 Qiu Yaojian, Fu Liyuan, Zhang Shouhua, et al. Effects of carbon and alloying elements on mechanical properties of ultra-high strength structural steel. Papers on the 1th anniversary of Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel, 1962: 127.
5. Alloy steel. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 1981.
6. Zhang Shouhua. Ye Tiantian et al. Lasermeltquenchingoffec-Bandfe-Balloysurfacelayer.proc.2nd int.cong. OnHeattreatmentof Materials, Florence, Italy, 1982: 857. < P > 7 Liu Muyi, Zhang Shouhua. Failure analysis of surface spalling of cold rolling work roll. Iron and Steel, 1982, 17 (6): 55. < P > 8 Zhang Shouhua, He Qingfu, Deng yang. studyonfractureprocess of nitrocridecasseon 3crmostelwithaccoustic missiontechnique. proc. mechanicalbehaviouroufaterials-Ⅳ, Stockholm, Sweden, 1983: 811.
9 Wang Xu, Zhang Shouhua, Cui Peiyong. Effect of quenching temperature on contact fatigue properties of 86CrMoV7 steel. Iron and Steel, 1983, 18 (5): 43. < P > 1 Zhang Shouhua, Zhang Hong, Yuan Yi. Deformation and Fracture of Microalloyed 12 SimovnbSteelwithRanulabainite Structure. Proc. HSLA' 85, Beijing: 1985:113.
11 Zhu Chen, Zhang Shouhua. Strainhardening Characteristic of DualphasedSteels. Proc. Microstructural Reand Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi 'an: 1985:129.
Important Contributions
In the early 197s, Wuhan Iron and Steel Company introduced a one-meter seven-continuous mill from the Federal Republic of Germany and Japan, which was completed and put into operation in the second half of 1978. At that time, the rolls of this continuous rolling mill were all imported, which was not only expensive, but also affected by the changing international situation. Therefore, based on the domestic market, the production of large rollers has become a top priority. At the end of 1977, under the leadership of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry, Xingtai Metallurgical Machinery Roll Factory, Qiqihar Steel Plant, Wuhan Iron and Steel Company, Iron and Steel Research Institute of the Ministry of Metallurgy, Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel and Electromechanical Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry were established to participate in the "Work Roll Research Group of WISCO One-meter-Seven Cold Rolling Mill". Zhang Shouhua was anxious for the country and served as one of the technical chief leaders of the research group, presiding over the laboratory development stage in charge of Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel, and the heat treatment of the proposed steel for cold rolling work rolls was extremely mechanical. As well as the detection technology of rollers, etc., a systematic and in-depth study is carried out, which provides a feasible technical scheme and reliable process parameters for the intermediate test of industrial production, and provides an effective inspection method to ensure product quality. In November, 198, he personally participated in the trial rolling of the first pair of domestic rolls on the one-meter-seven tandem cold mill in WISCO. The results showed that the performance of the rolls was good. In 1982, this project was officially included in the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" national key scientific and technological research project. With the concerted efforts of all the members of the research team, the task was successfully completed. In 1986, the localization rate of this kind of roller reached 6%, saving about 5 million US dollars in foreign exchange. In 199, not only the localization rate reached 1%, but also the quality reached the level of similar imported rolls. Therefore, the project won the second prize of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry in 1987 and the third prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award in 1988. Zhang Shouhua played a key role as the overall technical decision-maker in completing this task. Through this task, Zhang Shouhua has trained academic leaders in steel for large rolls and its heat treatment, cold and hot fatigue, contact fatigue, wear and fracture, and they are continuing to make new contributions to the localization of large rolls in Baosteel.
Achievements
Developing new alloys
Combining with the resource conditions in China, developing new varieties of alloy steel in China is a basic policy for the development of metallurgical science and technology in China. In order to save strategic mineral resources of nickel and chromium, traditional varieties of foreign nickel-chromium alloy steel should not be adopted invariably. According to the resource conditions in China and the progress of foreign alloy steel series, it is an important direction to develop new varieties of Si-Mn and Si-Mn-Mo-V series alloy steel. However, in 195s, there were few basic researches on alloying at home and abroad. Zhang Shouhua saw that the basic research work in this field was of strategic significance for developing new silicon-manganese steel grades, and began to study the influence of silicon on tempering transformation of steel in 1956. The first experiment in China confirmed that silicon hindered the decomposition of martensite, delayed the transformation of carbide, slowed down the recovery and recrystallization of α-phase, and made them appear in a higher tempering temperature range. Therefore, when silicon-containing steel is tempered at low temperature, it is possible to form tempered martensite structure with high strength and good toughness. This result provides the silicon action mechanism for the rocket shell steel (32SiMnMoV) used in China's first artificial satellite in the future, and promotes the successful development of this shell steel.
since 1958, Zhang Shouhua has personally led the research group of ultra-high strength structural steel with young teachers as the backbone, and comprehensively studied the mechanical properties of quenched and tempered steels of seven systems of ultra-high strength structural steel, such as C.SiMn, SiMnMo, SiMnMoV, CrMnMo and SiMnCrMoV, with carbon content of .33% ~ .63%, and obtained the following results. The quantitative relationship between the strength limit of quenched and low-temperature tempered tempered martensite steel and the carbon content in α-phase is put forward for the first time, and the beneficial effect of silicon on strengthening and toughening of tempered martensite steel is confirmed again. It is pointed out that the tempered martensite of Si-Mn-Mo-V system has the best comprehensive properties of strength and toughness. The above research results provide a good foundation for the research group to undertake the research task of ultra-high strength steel issued by the commission of science, technology and industry for national defense. Later, under the guidance of Yang Rang, the research group developed 32SiMnMoV ultra-high strength structural steel, which was successfully applied to the shell materials of launch rockets of Dongfanghong-1 and Jianbing-1 satellites in China. Therefore, it won the third prize of National Major Technological Improvement Achievement Award in 1979.
academic leader
with the economic development of China, the requirements for the variety and quality of low-alloy high-strength steel with large quantity and wide range are increasing. In recent 2 years, the research and application of high strength low alloy steel abroad have developed rapidly. Standing at the forefront of this field, Zhang Shouhua has played an important role as an academic leader in a wide range of fields, such as stamping dual-phase steel (coil), non-stamping dual-phase steel (bar, wire, pipe, steel wire and steel bar, etc.), interstitial-free atomic deep-drawing sheet steel (IF steel) and microalloyed non-quenched and tempered steel.
dual-phase steel is a new type of low-alloy high-strength steel which emerged in 197s. It is named after the characteristics of metallographic structure (ferrite plus martensite), and it is a new low-alloy high-strength steel with good cold deformation processing strengthening ability (cold stamping, cold heading, cold extrusion, cold drawing, cold rolling, etc.) and high-level comprehensive mechanical properties.
the international energy crisis in 197s has become the socio-economic driving force to promote the research and development of dual-phase steel. In order to reduce the fuel consumption of automobiles, it is necessary to reduce the self-weight of automobiles and improve the strength of automobile stamped steel plates. However, the traditional low-alloy high-strength steel with ferrite and pearlite as metallographic structure features, after improving the strength, the plasticity decreases and the deep drawing performance obviously deteriorates. However, dual-phase steel still has good cold stamping formability at high strength level. Therefore, the development of dual-phase steel has been paid great attention by the automobile industry in the world. By the 198s, small quantities of dual-phase steel coils had been produced and applied, and it was extended to the research of non-punching dual-phase steel.
in the early 198s, Zhang Shouhua suggested that the research on the development and application of dual-phase steel should be included in the national key research project in the Sixth Five-Year Plan, and began to organize the research on dual-phase steel. With the concerted efforts of him and other alloy steel experts, stamping dual-phase steel (coil) and non-stamping dual-phase steel