The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established in accordance with the International Monetary Fund Agreement adopted by the United Nations International Monetary and Financial Conference in 1944. 1945 was formally established in February, and 1947 became a specialized agency of the United Nations. Its purpose is to promote international monetary cooperation through discussions and consultations between member States and international partners; Promote the expansion and balanced development of international trade and develop the production resources of member countries; Promote the stability and orderly arrangement of exchange rates of member countries and avoid the devaluation of competitive currencies; Assist member countries to establish a multilateral payment system and abolish foreign exchange controls that hinder the growth of world trade; Assist member countries to overcome balance of payments difficulties.
The fund shares paid by member countries are the main source of funds for the IMF.
The main business activities of the International Monetary Fund are not only to supervise the exchange rate policies of member countries, but also to consult and coordinate with member countries on the economic and financial situation, and to provide loans and various training and consulting services to member countries.
world bank group
The World Bank Group includes the World Bank, the International Development Association and the International Finance Corporation. The same purpose of the three is to solve the financial needs of member countries for economic recovery and development by providing and organizing long-term loans and investments, and to fund them to set up specific capital construction projects. But the loan objects and methods of the three are different. The World Bank mainly provides long-term loan concessions to member countries; The International Development Association is committed to providing long-term low-interest aid loans to low-income countries; IFC mainly provides loans to the private sector of member countries.
The sources of funds of the World Bank include shares paid by members, loans from international financial markets, transfer of creditor's rights, operating profit income, etc. Its main business is to provide long-term loans to developing countries.
The International Development Association (IDA) is a financial institution that specializes in providing long-term loans with favorable conditions to poorer developing countries. 1957 proposed the establishment of IDA, and 1960 was formally established in September.
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) was established in July 1956, and the countries applying to join the organization must be members of the World Bank. The organizational structure and management of IFC are the same as those of the World Bank. Its main task is to provide funds for the new construction, reconstruction and expansion of private enterprises in developing countries.
Regional international financial institutions
1. Asian Development Bank: 1966 was established in Tokyo with its address in Manila, the capital of the Philippines. Its purpose is to promote economic development and cooperation in this region through loans, investments and technical assistance. China's legal seat in the Asian Development Bank was restored on 1986, making it the third largest subscriber of ADB.
2. African Development Bank: established in 1963, with its address in Abidjan, the capital of C? te d 'Ivoire. China 1985 joined the bank and became a full member. Its purpose is to serve the economic and social development of member States and provide financial support; Assist the African continent to formulate development plans and coordinate the development plans of various countries in order to achieve the goal of African economic integration.
Caribbean Development Bank: The Caribbean Development Bank is a regional multilateral development bank. June 1969 10, 18, 16 Caribbean countries and two non-local members signed an agreement in Kingston, Jamaica, to establish the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB). 1October 26th, 1970, the agreement came into effect. On October 30th, 65438/kloc-0, the inaugural meeting of the Council was held in Nassau. Headquartered in Bridgetown, the capital of Barbados in the West Indies. The purpose of the bank is to promote the coordinated economic growth and development of member countries in the Caribbean, promote economic cooperation and integration in the region, and provide loan assistance to developing countries in the region. The purpose of the bank is to promote the coordinated economic growth and development of member countries in the Caribbean, promote economic cooperation and integration in the region, and provide loan assistance to developing countries in the region.
4. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) was established in 199 1. The idea of establishing the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development was first put forward by French President Mitterrand in 1989+ 1 year. His ideas have received positive responses from European countries and some other countries. 199 1 year, and the bank's capital is 10 billion European currency units (about1200 million US dollars). Council of Europe (formerly Council of Europe), the European Investment Bank and 39 countries have shares in the bank. The largest shareholder is the United States, accounting for 10%, followed by France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the United Kingdom, each accounting for 8.5%. Eastern European countries accounted for 1 1.9%, of which the former Soviet Union accounted for 6%. The aim is to help and support the countries in Eastern and Central Europe in their transition to market economy, taking into account the factors of strengthening democracy, respecting human rights and protecting the environment, so as to mobilize the enthusiasm of individuals and enterprises in these countries and promote their transition to democracy and market economy. The main targets of investment are private enterprises in Central and Eastern European countries and the infrastructure of these countries.
5. European Investment Bank: The European Investment Bank is a financial institution jointly operated by member countries of European economies. According to 1957 "establishing European economic homology"
Treaty (Rome Treaty)/KOOC-0/June, 958+/KOOC-0/October/KOOC-0/day was established, and/KOOC-0/June, 959 was officially opened. Headquartered in Luxembourg. Purpose: According to Article 130 of the Treaty of Rome, the European Investment Bank is not for profit, and its business focus is to provide long-term loans or guarantees for projects built in backward areas of the same country, structural reform plans that help promote industrial modernization, and projects that benefit the same country or several member countries; It also exports capital to areas other than * * * *, but the projects financed by loans must be of special significance to * * * (such as improving energy supply) and must be specially approved by the bank's board of directors. For countries and regions that have joint or cooperation agreements with * * * *, funds are generally provided according to the maximum amount of the agreement.
6. Inter-American Development Bank: The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) was established on February 30, 1959. It is the earliest and largest regional and multilateral development bank in the world. Headquartered in Washington. It is a specialized agency of the Organization of American States, and countries from other regions can also join, but non-Latin American countries cannot use World Bank funds and can only participate in the bidding of projects organized by the World Bank. Its purpose is to "concentrate the strength of member countries and provide financial and technical assistance for the economic and social development plans of Latin American countries" and help them "individually and collectively contribute to accelerating economic development and social progress".
7. Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (hereinafter referred to as AIIB) is an intergovernmental multilateral development institution in Asia, focusing on supporting infrastructure construction, with a legal capital of US$ 654.38 billion and its headquarters in Beijing. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank was established in Beijing on 20 14,1kloc-0/24 October, and the first batch of finance ministers and authorized representatives from 2 1 countries including China, India and Singapore attended. As of April 20 15, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Korea, Brazil, Russia, the Netherlands, Georgia and Denmark agreed to join the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, expanding the AIIB to 5 1 member countries, including 3 1 country.
Bank for International Settlements and Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) was established in 1930 Basel, Switzerland. Its purpose is to deal with the payment of German reparations after World War I and solve the international settlement problem in Germany. Since then, its purpose has been changed to promote cooperation among central banks of various countries, provide additional convenience for international financial transactions, and accept entrustment or agency for international settlement business. The bank was founded with only seven member countries, and now it has grown to 45 countries and regions.
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision: 1975, the central bank governors of the G-10 countries were established.1In July 1998, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision adopted the Basel Accord (full name: agreement on unifying capital calculation and capital standards of international banks), which became a representative document in international banking supervision.