The main reasons are as follows: ① Japan has carried out extensive social reforms, further abolished the feudal backward factors in production relations, and laid the foundation for economic development. ② American support for Japan. (3) demilitarize the national economy and carry out economic construction. (4) Formulating an export-oriented economic development strategy, introducing the most advanced science and technology, adjusting the domestic industrial structure and promoting exports. For example, in the late 1960s, Japan became one of the largest TV producers in the world and exported a large number of TVs. At that time, Japanese-made fibers and black-and-white TV sets were exported to the United States, exceeding the110 imported by the United States, thus causing trade friction between the United States and Japan. ⑤ Actively develop education and cultivate talents. 1950, the penetration rate of nine-year compulsory education in Japan has reached 99%; From 65438 to 0970, 23.6% of high school students were admitted to universities. The development of education provides high-quality talents for economic modernization. ⑥ During the Korean War and the Vietnam War, a large number of military and logistical materials ordered by the US military further stimulated the development of Japan's economy, which quickly became active. After 1980s, Japan stepped up the development of high-tech industries, which promoted the steady economic development. According to statistics, from 1960 to 1970, the average annual growth of Japanese industrial production was 16%, and the average annual growth of the gross national product was 1 1.3%. From 65438 to 0968, Japan's gross national product surpassed that of the Federal Republic of Germany and became the second largest economic country in the capitalist world after the United States. 1986, Japan's gold reserves reached 42 1 billion dollars, ranking second in the world; 1987, Japan's foreign exchange reserves surpassed that of the Federal Republic of Germany, ranking first in the world. 1988, Japan's per capita income reached 19000 US dollars, exceeding the US's 18000 US dollars in the same period. From 65438 to 0988, according to the authoritative American Business Week, among the top 30 companies in the world, Japan accounted for 22. With the strengthening of economic strength, Japan began to seek the status of a political power. 2. Japan seeks the status of a political power. 1972, Japanese foreign minister Masayoshi ohira said at a press conference: "The era of Japan following the footsteps of the United States is over." At the same time, Japan launched the so-called "multilateral independent diplomacy" under the premise of Japan-US alliance. 1September 1972, Japan and China resumed diplomatic relations. 1982 Prime Minister Nakasone Yasuhiro, who came to power, publicly stated on many occasions that Japan still wants to become a political power, have more say in international affairs and actively strive for a permanent seat in the United Nations. After the mid-1970s, Japan's military expenditure increased year by year, becoming an important strategic partner of the United States. Explanation: The expansion of Japan's military strength has aroused the high vigilance of Asian people. Abstract: ① After the war, the national economy was demilitarized, and the government was able to concentrate limited financial and material resources on economic construction. ② Vigorously develop science and technology and make use of the achievements of the third scientific and technological revolution. ③ Vigorously develop education and cultivate talents. (4) American assistance and support. After World War II, in the process of economic development, major capitalist countries learned historical lessons and implemented social welfare policies to ease social contradictions and improve people's lives. However, contradictions and conflicts still exist. Secondly, the realization of Japan's economic modernization is the result of many factors, including external conditions and the efforts of the Japanese government and people themselves. The democratic reform carried out in Japan in the early postwar period promoted the great changes in its social and economic structure, and also made partial adjustments to the social relations of production, and established a bourgeois democratic system adapted to the development of contemporary economy and an enterprise organization form and management system conducive to the use of modern management science, thus releasing the labor wisdom and creativity hidden among the people and becoming the basic driving force for the rapid development of social economy. The evolution of the post-war international situation provided a good opportunity for Japan's economic development. Japan was forced to give up the right to war in the Constitution, and later it exchanged the "nuclear umbrella" of the United States at the expense of allowing the United States to station troops, resulting in relatively small military expenditure and being able to invest a lot of manpower and material resources in peaceful economic development. Before and after the outbreak of the Korean War, the United States began to vigorously support Japan, not only giving Japan about $3.6 billion in "special needs" orders, but also returning 850 confiscated military enterprises to the Japanese government, providing a large number of loans and assistance, and American private capital also poured into Japan on a large scale. The support of the United States has enabled Japan to obtain the necessary funds and technology to develop its economy. Since the Meiji Restoration, Japan has always attached great importance to education. 1872, the government promulgated a unified national academic system and implemented compulsory primary education. 1947 to carry out educational reform and expand the scope of compulsory education to junior high schools. By the mid-1950s, the education rate of people over the age of 25 was as high as 94%, and high school education was basically popularized in the mid-1970s. The proportion of government education expenditure in national income has gradually increased, from about 5% in the 1950s and 1960s to 6%-7% in the 1970s, and then to 7.2% in 1980. In terms of talent structure, the government adjusts the educational focus according to the development and changes of economic structure in different periods. In the period of economic recovery, in order to improve the cultural quality of workers, we should focus on popularizing primary compulsory education; In 1950s and 1960s, when the country vigorously developed the heavy chemical industry, it took the cultivation of intermediate technical talents as the focus of education development. After 1970s, Japan's industrial structure changed from capital-intensive heavy chemical industry to knowledge-intensive industry, and the government also made great efforts to cultivate senior talents who can independently develop new technologies and intermediate talents who can skillfully use emerging technologies. Because Japan has long adhered to the strategy of "giving priority to education", it has guaranteed human resources for economic development. The Japanese government has made use of various conditions at home and abroad to determine the development path with its own characteristics. In this regard, Japan's state intervention model and internal management characteristics of enterprises have greatly promoted economic development. In addition, according to the characteristics of Japan, on the one hand, the government has adopted the policy of introducing foreign advanced technology, on the other hand, it has established the strategy of "building the country through trade", actively and effectively exploring the international market, expanding import and export trade and strengthening capital output. In introducing advanced technology, the government attaches importance to the latest trend of world science and technology development, and even uses industrial spies to obtain scientific and technological information; At the same time, the examination and approval system was implemented in the 1950s to manage and guide the import work, avoid repeated introduction and save foreign exchange. After the 1960s, Japan's economic strength and foreign exchange payment ability were strengthened, and the government's management in this area was relaxed. Japan's technology introduction is carried out selectively and emphatically according to its own economic development conditions and actual needs. Before the mid-1950s, the country was in a period of economic recovery, mainly importing traditional complete sets of equipment and technology from basic industries such as electric power, steel, automobile, shipbuilding and machinery manufacturing. Since the mid-1950s, especially since the early 1960s, the company has gradually turned to buying patents to introduce new technologies. Since the mid-1970s, in order to realize the transformation from capital-intensive to technology-intensive and knowledge-intensive industries, cutting-edge technologies have been introduced. In order to absorb and transform the imported technology, Japanese enterprises spend huge sums of money to attract outstanding talents and learn from others on the basis of imitation, reform and innovation. In terms of exploring the international market, the total import and export trade in 1955 was only US$ 4.5 billion, which reached nearly US$ 8.5 billion in 1960, and jumped to nearly US$ 38.2 billion in16625438+00 billion. 1970 capital output totaled 6.79 billion dollars. Adhering to the policy of high accumulation and high investment for a long time, strengthening capital accumulation and realizing low-cost and high-efficiency operation mechanism are also one of the contents of the Japanese government's macro-control policies. The basis of high accumulation is high exploitation rate, high savings rate and low welfare. After the war, the wage level of Japanese workers was the lowest in western developed countries, and the growth rate was far lower than the labor productivity. On the contrary, influenced by cultural traditions, the Japanese household savings rate (that is, the ratio of household savings to household disposable income) is the highest in western developed countries, and the investment formed by household savings accounts for about 1/3 of the total social investment. In addition, the government has also invested heavily, accounting for about 24% of the total domestic investment in the 1960s and rising to about 30% in the 1970s. The combination of private investment and state investment has made the total amount of fixed capital formation in China soar from 1955 to 875 1985, a 50-fold increase in 30 years. The proportion of total fixed capital formation to GDP has remained at around 1/3 for a long time, which is higher than that of other developed countries. The investment efficiency of capital has always been higher than that of developed countries in Europe and America. On the premise of high efficiency, the rapid growth of investment has promoted the rapid development of Japan's economy.