The Siberian Continental Bridge runs from Vladivostok in eastern Russia to European countries and finally to Rotterdam in the Netherlands.

[Edit this paragraph] The Second Eurasian Continental Bridge

In September, the new Eurasian Continental Bridge, 1990, which was connected with Harbin-Dalian Railway, crossed Lan Xin and Longhai Railway in China. Because a large part of the route passed through the original "Silk Road", people also called it the modern "Silk Road". It is currently the most convenient passage between Asia and Europe. South Xinjiang railway map

The new Eurasian Continental Bridge starts from Lianyungang on the Yellow Sea coast of China in the east, passes through Xuzhou, Wuwei, Hami and Turpan on the Longhai Line and Lanxin Line, reaches Urumqi in the west, passes through the northern Xinjiang Railway, reaches Alashankou on the border of China in the west, enters Kazakhstan, passes through Russia, Belarus, Poland and Germany, and reaches Rotterdam, the world's largest port in the Netherlands in the west.

This continental bridge spans Europe and Asia, connecting the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, with a total length of about 10800 km, and leads to more than 30 countries and regions in China, Central Asia, West Asia, Eastern Europe and Western Europe. It is the longest land bridge in the world. It has been put into international container transportation business on 1 99265438+February1. The completion of the new Eurasian Continental Bridge not only facilitates the connection between China's east-west transportation and foreign countries, but also has a great impact on China's economic development.

The new Eurasian Continental Bridge is relative to the old Eurasian Continental Bridge. It starts from the eastern coastal ports of China, such as Lianyungang on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, and reaches the ports of Rotterdam in the Netherlands and Antwerp in Belgium on the east coast of the Atlantic Ocean in the west, spanning the central part of the Eurasian continent. Its eastern end is directly connected with countries in East Asia and Southeast Asia. At the western end of its China section, it was changed from Alashankou Station in Xinjiang to Central Asia, connected with Druzhba Station in Kazakhstan, westbound to Akto, and then connected with the European railway network in the north, south and south lines to Europe.

Northern Line: It connects with trans-siberian railway from Aktau, Kazakhstan, and leads to western European and northern European countries via Russia, Belarus and Poland.

Midline: from Kazakhstan to Russia, Ukraine, Slovakia, Hungary, Austria, Switzerland, Germany and France to the English Channel port, or from Aktau, Kazakhstan to the south, along the border of Kyrgyzstan, via Tashkent, Uzbekistan and Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, westbound to Kela-Si Nuo-Wattsk, via Baku and Rihaida, Azerbaijan, via Tbilisi and Poti, Georgia, via the Black Sea to Varna, Bulgaria, and via Ruse to Romania and Hungary to Central European countries.

South Line: From Ashgabat, Turkmenistan to Iran, to Mashhad in the west, to Turkey via Teheran and Tabrizi, to Bosphorus, and to Central, Western and Southern European countries via Bulgaria.

Map of Rotterdam port

China has three Eurasian continental bridges and four access schemes, as follows:

1, Dalian plan, also known as the Eurasian connecting corridor. With Dalian as the unloading port, the goods supplied by China, Hongkong, Japan and Southeast Asian countries to Russia and Northwest Europe will leave Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia, the largest land port in China, along the Trans-Siberian Railway, via Moscow, Russia, to Brest, the Russian border city, and then via Warsaw, Poland and Berlin, Germany. The railway in this scheme runs through three northeastern provinces of China and northern Inner Mongolia, passes through three megacities of Dalian, Shenyang and Harbin, and crosses Songliao Plain, with developed industry and agriculture.

2. Suifenhe Scheme, also known as Suiman-Eurasia Intermodal Corridor. Mainly domestic goods or transit goods from Japan and Hong Kong are transported by sea to Russia's Nakhodka port or Vladivostok war port, by railway to Suifen River in Heilongjiang, via Harbin and Manzhouli in Inner Mongolia, and then to Russia's Zabakalisk-Tarsk railway to connect with trans-siberian railway, and then to Brest for diversion, until the west reaches Rotterdam port. In this scheme, the railway in China crosses the northernmost part of the northeast; Xing 'an League and Hulunbeier League, which pass through Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia, are rich in resources and developed in industry.

3. Tianjin Plan can be called Tianjin-Mongolia Eurasian Joint Transport Corridor. The freight container landed from Tianjin Xingang, entered Mongolia via Tianjin, Beijing, Shanxi Datong and Inner Mongolia Erlian, entered Russia via Ulaanbaatar to connect with trans-siberian railway, diverted to Brest, and arrived in Rotterdam port to the west. In this plan, the North China Plain where the railway passes is developed in industry and agriculture, and rich in coal, electricity and natural gas resources, and Beijing and Tianjin are all mega cities.

4. Lianyungang planning, also known as the New Eurasian Continental Bridge. It starts from Lianyungang in Jiangsu in the east, passes through Zhengzhou in Henan, Xi in Shaanxi, Lanzhou in Gansu and Urumqi in Xinjiang, leaves the country from Alashankou, connects with trans-siberian railway in Novosibirsk via Tajikistan and other Central Asian countries, passes through Moscow to Brest, and reaches the port of Rotterdam in the west. The plan has a moderate geographical location and covers many provinces and regions in the west. Besides crossing Wushaoling in the north of Lanzhou, the rest of the highway passes through the central part of China, passing through Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Xinjiang provinces, with a wide range of routes and developed industry and agriculture along the route.

At the 199 1 "Asia-Europe Continental Bridge and China Social and Economic Development Strategy Seminar", experts such as Professor Yang Wuyang of Peking University pointed out after scientific comparison of the above four channels:

Dalian plan has many advantages. The distance between China and Russia (the former Soviet Union) is far, and the capacity and throughput of China Railway and Dalian Port are strong. Both countries attach importance to this line, and the continental bridge has reliable transportation foundation and superior conditions.

Although the Suifenhe scheme is a highly competitive sea-land combined transport, it has been opened in 1908. However, Vladivostok is a frozen port, and there is a freezing period of 2-3 months every year when it is cold. The cargo throughput of Suifenhe Port is now saturated, and the current transportation capacity is tight. Due to the short transportation distance through China, the current freight rate is unfavorable to me.

Tianjin has the shortest journey, China and Russia have the shortest journey, and the freight should be the least. However, the railway capacity of Beijing and Tianjin is very tight, so it is difficult to increase transportation. Moreover, Mongolia's current charging standards are relatively high, which is unfavorable to both China and Russia.

The advantage of Lianyungang plan is that the railway has a long distance in China, reaching more than 4 100 kilometers, which can charge more transit freight. However, some problems that cannot be ignored need to be solved urgently. For example, at present, China's Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway is single-track, with large oil transportation capacity, serious water shortage and tight transportation capacity; Baoji-Tianshui of Longhai Railway is also a single line, with small transportation capacity, and it often collapses and breaks, which is the neck of the northwest; The Longhai section east of Xuzhou is also a single line. Overseas, due to the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Central Asia has become many countries, and many issues are difficult to coordinate; Technical problems in railway construction and containers were blocked by crossing many caves.

China, Nepal and the European Union will cooperate to build a trans-Eurasian railway in the future, which is called the Third Eurasian Continental Bridge. The railway starts in Qingdao and ends in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, passing through the Lu Jing-Bao Jing-Baolan-Lanqing-Qinghai-Tibet line, from the China-Nepal railway to Kathmandu, and runs in the north-south railway of Beijing, Iranian plateau railway, Turkey-Poland railway (northbound railway) and Poland-Netherlands railway, with a total length of 650. After passing through the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and South Asia, it is expected that after the completion of the Third Eurasian Continental Bridge, the tourist traffic in Tibet and South Asia will be much more convenient and will promote the development of local tourism. At the same time, it is necessary to promote the development cooperation between Tibet and South Asia and China, Western Europe and ASEAN.

[Edit this paragraph] The Third Eurasian Continental Bridge

The third Eurasian Continental Bridge is located in the south of China and is still under planning. Zhanjiang City is located in Leizhou Peninsula, the southernmost tip of Chinese mainland, and the intersection center of Guangdong, Guangxi and Qionghai provinces, accounting for 46% of the total length of Guangdong coastline. This unique geographical advantage makes Chinese mainland the shortest foreign trade port to South Asia, Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Middle East. Zhanjiang is one of the few cities in China with five three-dimensional modes of transportation: sea, railway, highway, aviation and pipeline. Zhanjiang Port is one of 12 national main hub ports, with excellent port and special geographical location, which is located in the southwest of China. It is the best port connecting Eurasia and ASEAN countries in the South China Sea. We should create conditions and strive to become the oriental bridgehead of the third Eurasian continental bridge.

The Pan-Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, located at the fifth fulcrum of the national coastal strategy, is the throat of the export channel in southwest China surrounded by Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong Leizhou Peninsula and northern Vietnam. Although Zhanjiang has not played its due role in the Pan-Beibu Gulf Economic Circle, it is inevitable that Zhanjiang, as one of the central cities of the Pan-Beibu Gulf, will be integrated into the Pan-Beibu Gulf Economic Circle. If Zhanjiang can become the bridgehead of the third Eurasian continental bridge, its position in the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone will be significantly improved, and its position in the "China-ASEAN Free Trade Area" will also be very important.

If Zhanjiang can become the bridgehead of the third Eurasian continental bridge, its position as the most important transportation hub city in South China will be established, its position as a hub port in South China will also be highlighted, and the status of Zhanjiang City and Zhanjiang Port in Central South China, Asia and even the world will be greatly enhanced.