From the perspective of national management, loan contracts can be divided into two categories: private loan contracts and credit contracts.
(1) Private loan contract
Private lending contract refers to a contract between individual citizens, in which the lender lends the monetary funds belonging to his legal income to the borrower, and the borrower returns the borrowed monetary funds and interest when the loan expires.
In the form of lending, there are two kinds of private lending contracts: written and oral, with interest, interest-free, low interest and high interest. The state's management of private lending: first, both parties should follow the principles of voluntariness, equality, fairness, honesty and credit; Second, it is not allowed to illegally operate or operate financial business in disguised form in the form of private lending contracts, which will disrupt the financial order and harm the public interests.
(2) Credit contract
A credit contract refers to a contract in which commercial banks and credit cooperatives that operate loan business lend monetary funds to legal persons, other economic organizations or individuals for use, and the borrower returns the borrowed funds and interest when the loan expires. According to different standards, different divisions can be made.
1. According to the source of loan funds, loans from financial institutions can be divided into self-operated loans, entrusted loans and specific loans.
Self-operated loan refers to a loan independently issued by the lender with funds raised in a legal way. The risk is borne by the lender, and the principal and interest are recovered by the lender. Entrusted loan refers to the funds provided by customers such as government departments, enterprises, institutions and individuals, which are distributed by the lender (i.e. the trustee) according to the loan object, purpose, amount, term and interest rate. The client decides to supervise the use and assist in recovering the loan. Lenders (trustees) only charge fees and do not bear loan risks. Special loans refer to loans granted by wholly state-owned commercial banks with the approval of the State Council after taking corresponding remedial measures for possible losses caused by loans.
2. According to the type of currency, it can be divided into RMB loan contract and foreign currency loan contract.
Rmb loan contracts can be divided into: fixed assets loan contracts, working capital loan contracts, trust fund loan contracts, entrusted fund loan contracts, etc.
Foreign currency loan contracts can be divided into cash loan contracts, buyer's credit contracts and special foreign exchange loan contracts according to contract contents, sources of funds and loan purposes.
3. According to the purpose of borrowing, it can be divided into fixed assets loan contract and working capital loan contract.
According to the specific loan projects, fixed assets loan contracts can be divided into capital construction loan contracts, technical transformation loan contracts and special fund loan contracts. Liquidity loan contracts can be divided into liquidity loan contracts, seller loan contracts, special fund loan contracts and land development loan contracts.
4. According to whether there is guarantee in the loan contract, it can be divided into credit loan contract and secured loan contract.
Credit loan refers to unsecured loan issued by the borrower's credit.
Secured loans refer to loans that provide guarantees, including secured loans, mortgage loans and pledged loans. Guaranteed loan refers to a loan issued by a third party that promises the borrower to bear the general guarantee responsibility or agrees on joint and several liability when the borrower cannot repay the loan according to the guarantee method stipulated in the Civil Code. Mortgage loan refers to a loan issued with the property of the borrower or a third party as collateral according to the mortgage method stipulated in the Civil Code. Pledged loan is a loan that is issued with the movable property or rights of the borrower or a third party as collateral according to the pledge method stipulated in the Civil Code.
If you have any questions about the above contents, please contact.
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Cite the law
[1] Article 668 of the Civil Code of People's Republic of China (PRC).
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[Lawyer's reply] Even if there is no IOU, if there is evidence that a loan agreement has been reached, the loan contract can still be used as a loan dispute claim. If you have any questions, you can contact me, hoping to help you.
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