First, the origin of the butterfly effect
The butterfly effect originated from the discovery of American meteorologist Lorenz in the 1960s. 196 1 one day in winter, E.Lorenz calculated the weather forecast on the royal McBee computer. He calculated a series of data of climate evolution under certain initial values. When he turned on the computer again to investigate this series of longer-term evolution, in order to save trouble, he took a shortcut and did not let the computer run at the beginning. He directly typed in the last intermediate data as the initial value of calculation, and then calculated according to the same procedure, hoping to get the same result as the second half of the last series. Then he went downstairs and crossed the hall to have coffee. An hour later, when he came back, something unexpected happened. He found that the weather changed quickly from the last result, and the similarity disappeared completely in a short time. The problem is that the data he entered this time is used as the initial value. The computer originally stored 16 decimal 0.506 127…, but he printed out a decimal 0.506 with only three digits, and he entered 0.506. Further calculation shows that a small difference in input may soon become a huge difference in output, which is the so-called sensitive dependence of initial conditions and the' butterfly effect' in weather forecast. Lorenz 1979 12/29 Speech at the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington: "Predictability: Will a butterfly flap its wings in Brazil cause a tornado in Texas?"
Second, the meaning of the butterfly effect
A small butterfly flapping its wings over a certain place and stirring the air may cause a storm in a distant place for a long time, which is a metaphor for the unpredictable and serious consequences caused by a small factor in long-term large-scale weather forecast. Small deviations are inevitable, which makes long-term weather forecast unpredictable or inaccurate. This is like playing billiards, chess and other human activities, which are often "a thousand miles away, a tiny difference" and "one careless move will lose the game." "Today's butterfly effect" or "generalized butterfly effect" is not limited to the original Lorenz butterfly effect, which is only used for weather forecasting, but is synonymous with all complex systems that are extremely sensitive to initial values, which means that small changes or deviations in initial values will lead to great differences in future prospects, and this difference is often unpredictable or random. Allusions]
A small butterfly flapping its wings over a certain place disturbs the air, which may lead to a storm in the distance for a long time. This is a metaphor. Long-term large-scale weather forecast often leads to unpredictable and serious consequences because of a little tiny factor. Small deviations are inevitable, which makes long-term weather forecast unpredictable or inaccurate. This is like playing billiards, chess and other human activities, which are often "thousands of miles away" and "one careless move will lose the game"
Long-term large-scale weather forecast is the observation, calculation, analysis and judgment of the complex system of the earth's atmosphere, which is influenced and restricted by many factors that change at any time and place. It can be considered that the prediction of its comprehensive effect is difficult to be accurate and the butterfly effect is inevitable. Our human research objects also involve other complex systems (including "natural systems" and "social systems"), and their internal constraints are also complex, and their "butterfly effect" is inevitable.
"Today's butterfly effect" or "generalized butterfly effect" is not limited to the original Lorenz butterfly effect, which is only used for weather forecasting, but is synonymous with all complex systems being extremely sensitive to initial values, which means that for all complex systems, under certain "threshold conditions", their long-term and large-scale future behaviors are extremely sensitive to small changes or deviations of initial conditions, that is, small changes or deviations of initial values will lead to huge future prospects.
Nonlinear, commonly known as "butterfly effect".
What is the butterfly effect? Let's talk about the discovery of Lorenz, a meteorologist at MIT. In order to forecast the weather, he solved the 13 equation simulating the earth's atmosphere by computer. In order to check the results more carefully, he took out an intermediate solution, improved the accuracy and sent it back. And when he came back to watch it after drinking a cup of coffee, he was surprised: it was a little short, but the result was a hundred thousand miles short! There was nothing wrong with the computer, so Lorenz decided that he had discovered a new phenomenon: "extreme instability to the initial value", namely "chaos", also known as "butterfly effect". The flapping of Asian butterflies will make a tornado worse than strong winds appear in the United States in a few months!
This discovery is so serious that scientists don't understand it, and several scientific journals also refuse to publish his articles, thinking that it is "against common sense": if similar initial values are substituted into some equations, the results should be similar, how can they be far apart!
Linearity refers to the proportion and linear relationship between quantity and quantity, representing regular smooth motion in space and time; Nonlinear refers to the non-proportional and nonlinear relationship, which is characterized by irregular movement and mutation. For example, how many times is the eyesight of two eyes more than that of one eye? It's easy to think it's twice, but it's actually 6- 10! This is nonlinearity: 1+ 1 is not equal to 2.
The generation of laser is nonlinear! When the applied voltage is small, the laser is like an ordinary electric lamp, and the light scatters in all directions; When the applied voltage reaches a certain value, a new phenomenon will suddenly appear: the excited atoms seem to hear the command of "align to the right" and emit monochromatic light in the same phase and direction, that is, laser.
The characteristic of nonlinearity is that it spans all professions and permeates all fields, which can be said to be "everywhere".
For example, there is chaos in celestial motion; The oscillation of electricity, light and sound waves will suddenly fall into chaos; The geomagnetic field changed direction 16 times in 4 million years, also because of chaos. Even human beings are inherently nonlinear: contrary to traditional thinking, the EEG and heartbeat of healthy people are not regular, but chaotic, and chaos is the expression of vitality. Chaotic systems respond faster to external stimuli than non-chaotic systems.
It can be seen that nonlinearity is around us and can't be hidden.
1979 12, Lorenz pointed out in a speech of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington that a butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil may cause a tornado in Texas. His speech and conclusion left a deep impression on people. Since then, the so-called "butterfly effect" has spread like wildfire, and its reputation has spread far and wide.
The reason why the butterfly effect is fascinating, gripping and thought-provoking lies not only in its bold imagination and charming aesthetic color, but also in its profound scientific connotation and inherent philosophical charm.
Chaos theory holds that in a chaotic system, very small changes in initial conditions, after constant amplification, will cause great differences in its future state. We can use a folk song circulating in the west to illustrate this image. This ballad says:
Drop a nail and break a shoe;
Broke a shoe and a horse;
Fold a horse and hurt a knight;
Wounded a knight and lost a battle;
Lost a battle and lost an empire.
Whether a nail on the horseshoe will be lost is a very small change in the initial conditions, but its "long-term" effect is the fundamental difference between the life and death of an empire. This is the so-called "butterfly effect" in the field of military politics.
It's a little incredible, but it can really cause such bad consequences. A wise leader must prevent procrastination, but seemingly trivial things may lead to disintegration within the collective. Is it too late to regret at that time?
A suspension bridge across a deep valley usually begins with a small stone tied to a thin line.
Third, the internal mechanism of the butterfly effect
The so-called complex system refers to a nonlinear system that exhibits chaotic phenomenon or chaotic behavior under critical conditions. The dynamic equation of nonlinear system contains mathematical description. It is precisely because of this "multi-factor cross-coupling mechanism" that the initial sensitivity of complex systems, that is, the butterfly effect, leads to the chaotic behavior of complex systems.
At present, the research called nonlinear science and chaotic science is in the ascendant, which indicates that human understanding of natural and social phenomena is in a deeper and more complicated transition and evolution stage.
From a derogatory point of view, the butterfly effect often gives people a sense of crisis that the future behavior is unpredictable, but from a positive point of view, the butterfly effect makes it possible for us to "be cautious and make a thousand miles a day" and "control the chaos" at a small cost and gain great "blessing" in the future.
Fourth, the significance of butterfly effect in different environments
Sociology uses "butterfly effect" to explain a bad tiny mechanism, which will bring great harm to society if it is not guided and adjusted in time, and is dubbed "tornado" or "storm"; A good micro-mechanism, as long as it is guided correctly, will have a sensational effect after a period of efforts, or it will be called a "revolution."
In economics, the "butterfly effect" refers to the small change of the economic independent variable as the input in the economy, which can lead to the great change of the economic dependent variable. This butterfly effect exists in the foreign exchange market. The consequence of the butterfly effect is that it is difficult for policy makers to grasp the consequences of their decisions.
"Butterfly effect" is also an important content of learning organization theory and an important concept in modern management. Warn enterprises to pay attention to prevent minor delays in the development process and avoid major setbacks caused by the expansion of management defects.
Seeking adoption is a satisfactory answer.