Germany's electricity consumption forecasts are based on data that the power supplier has already obtained through data surveys, such as customer demand for electricity, the use of electricity in a certain period of time, and this data has been accumulated over the past few years, the daily consumption of electricity on weekdays, i.e., Monday through Friday, and on weekends, and there are some large events, such as ball games, the use of television sets will increase dramatically. There are large events, such as football matches, where the use of TV sets increases dramatically, and that is reflected in the electricity consumption, which is bound to change. Another example is the weather factor, as electricity consumption varies according to the temperature. According to past experience, for every one-degree drop in temperature, users will increase their electricity consumption by 500 megawatts. In summer, it is very hot, and cooling equipment like air-conditioners have to work, and electricity consumption will also rise significantly. Based on these data, the power supplier will draw up a forecast table of electricity consumption and make a rough estimate. There will be recorded data from weather stations for green electricity What is green electricity? It is environmentally friendly electricity, that is, new energy generation. New energy is much more unstable than traditional energy. For example, wind power depends on the wind, the wind speed will affect the power generation, solar power depends on the sun, the sun intensity and duration will affect the power generation. The power supplier predicts the next day's electricity consumption the day before, and these data come from the evaluation of the weather station. The assessment is accurate to how much electricity is generated by wind or sunlight every fifteen minutes. As an example, weather station data can be used to predict that tomorrow at 1:30 p.m. the amount of solar power generated at a given location will be 3,165 megawatts (MW), and wind power will be 122 MW. After the supply and demand are coordinated, the supply and demand sides will trade power through a virtual trading center, somewhat similar to a stock exchange. The buyer and seller reach an agreement on the next day's electricity consumption before 12 noon, a trading model called "Day-ahead-Handel". The electricity provided by the green or conventional energy sources we mentioned earlier is bought and sold in the trading centers. For example, a gas-fired power plant sells megawatts of electricity per hour at a price of 5 cent per kilowatt (a unit of measurement of money in the euro), while a hydroelectric power plant waits in the trading center at the same time, and once the price falls to 2 cent, the hydroelectric power plant buys as much electricity as it needs, so why would the plant want to buy electricity? Because the hydroelectric power station has to use the potential energy of the water to generate electricity, so he needs pumps to pump the water to a higher level, here the electricity needed, if the price is a good deal, they will buy it. If once it is above 6cent, they will use their own electricity to pump the water. If the price is somewhere in between then the machine presses on and doesn't have to work, in the end it's all about saving money .... The price of electricity is calculated every hour and the exchange determines the price of electricity for each hour of the next day after consolidating data from multiple sources. These tariffs are made public at 1pm each day. A gas-fired power station usually starts working at 5 p.m. Why? Because the sunshine during the day produces a lot of electricity, which can be used in the afternoon. A hydroelectric power station supplies electricity in the afternoon, because the price of electricity at the trading station is higher at this time of the day, and then buys electricity from the grid in the evening, and pumps it up, because it is cheaper at night when there is not a lot of people using the electricity. This is all carried out by each power station to operate. If the forecast and the actual deviation of this situation is not difficult to understand, especially the new energy supply, wind strength is lower or higher than expected, or the user's demand changes, how to do? A reassessment is required. The exchange has a corresponding mechanism called "Intra-Day-Handel", which means that a temporary transaction can still be made half an hour before the agreed supply time, and the transaction can be completed within fifteen minutes. For example, if a customer has booked a supply from 11:45 to 12:00, this means that electricity can be traded until 11:15. Once that point has passed, the supply is going to start. The power stations will then supply electricity based on the deal that has just been made, and the new energy types will supply the electricity that they have just generated. But actually, overall, the predicted value and the actual value are still relatively close to each other. And the reason for providing such a trading mechanism is that renewable energy generation is often unstable and can have an impact on the grid. The lack of electricity will be reflected in the frequency of the grid whether there is a shortage of electricity as well as a surplus of electricity will be reflected in the frequency. Normally, the frequency of alternating current is 50Hz, which means it vibrates 50 times per second, and the frequency of the lack of electricity will also fall, while the frequency of the excess will rise. Once the frequency exceeds the range of 49.99-50.01, the power supplier will control it. For example, if a gas-fired power station explodes, or a nuclear power station is suddenly destroyed, you will see a significant drop in frequency on the European grid. In addition to this, there are other European grid transactions, such as the transportation of excess wind energy from one country to a neighboring country, which are factors in the stabilization of the German grid. That's pretty much it, but I'll add more if I find new factors.