I. Construction of Geological Survey Information Management System

(I) Overview

Shenzhen Urban Geological Survey Information System is a large-scale GIS information management project invested and implemented by Shenzhen Survey Research Unit itself. The project began in October 2002, December 2003 was basically completed, in 2005 on the basis of the original system to increase the Web publishing function.

The system adopts the topographic map of Shenzhen City (1:1000 (1:2000 outside the Special Administrative Region) as the geographic background map, and it can realize the comprehensive management of the survey project, exploration point data, in-situ test and geotechnical test data, hydrogeological test data, regional stratigraphic lithology spatial distribution data, regional geological tectonics spatial distribution data, and data of other characteristic geological objects.

The management information work in this database has been carried out since 1983, including all the information of all kinds of survey works completed, as well as the spatial distribution data of stratigraphic lithology and geological formations included in the 1:50,000 geologic map of Shenzhen Special Administrative Region (SAR). In addition to this, there are also some data of the settlement monitoring project of high-rise buildings in the fracture zone of Luohu District and some data of geologic hazards and geologic relics.

The system was listed as one of the "Key Projects of Shenzhen Informatization in 2003" and "Shenzhen Construction Research Project in 2003".

The main purpose and significance of the construction of the system are:

1) to manage, develop and utilize the urban geological survey resources in a comprehensive and orderly manner.

2) To provide geological information basis for decision-making and analysis of urban planning, development of land resources, urban construction and urban management.

3) To provide basic geologic and geographic information for the sustainable development of social and economic construction in Shenzhen.

4) To standardize and unify the technical standards of Shenzhen geological resources and engineering geological survey industry, and to realize network information **** enjoyment.

5) To provide services for the development of urban disaster prevention and mitigation, urban geoscientific research, geotechnical engineering design and engineering geological survey.

(2) System construction method and implementation technology

The construction of urban geological survey information system needs to be developed by using geographic information system (GIS) technology, database technology and network technology.

Geographic information system (GIS) technology, provides the spatial data and its attribute data associated with the integration, can be displayed in a graphical manner as a map, and provides a variety of levels of map spatial data query and performance functions. At present, the mainstream geographic information system (GIS) platform software, foreign platforms have Arc/Info, MicroStation GeoGraphics, MapInfo and AutoMap, etc., domestic platforms have MapGIS, SuperMap, etc.. From the network operating environment, it is divided into client/server (C/S) and browser/server (B/S) modes, and the latter is also known as the Internet geographic information system (WebGIS).

Shenzhen Urban Geological Survey Information System is also divided into two versions, the first version is the client/server (C/S) version, which adopts the domestic SuperMap 2000 software as the platform for development; the later version is the browser/server (B/S) version, which mainly adopts MicroStation Geographics platform under the GeoPublisher as the server. GeoPublisher is used as the server map data publishing engine, and the client side is completed with self-developed controls.

Because of the characteristics of geographic information massive data, geographic information data storage on the database management system of the concurrent response speed and other high requirements, there are two main ways of data storage: one is the spatial map data and its attribute data, uniformly stored in a database of the map attribute integration of the storage method; the other is the spatial map data and its attribute data are stored in a separate way, that is, the map data are stored in a file (generally in the form of a file). The other is to store spatial map data and its attribute data separately, i.e., map data are stored in file mode (generally in map format), while attribute data are stored in the database management system. The former way has the advantages of convenient maintenance and management, advanced technology and fast response, which is the direction of development at present, but the cost of technical realization is high and the system is unstable, therefore, Shenzhen City Geological Survey Information System still adopts the way of storing the spatial map data and its attribute data separately, and the database management system adopts M S SQL Server2000.

Figure 3-3. 1 system basic object

Because of the popularity of computer networks and Internet technology, more and more computer software has been freed from the limitations of the stand-alone working environment, to the network of collaborative work in a way to transform the Shenzhen City Geological Survey Information System is also a network running software system, designed to use the Internet software technology to realize the current is mainly geared towards Local area network application, but its technology has also fully meet the Intcrnet environment application requirements (Figure 3-3-1).

(3) Classification and Coding of Elements

Based on the experience and achievements of the Ministry of Construction's "Specification for the Construction of Urban Geographic Information System", Shenzhen Urban Geological Survey Information System is divided into two categories of urban geographic basic data set and urban geologic basic data set elements, among which urban geographic basic data set mainly refers to the data elements of topography, features, underground pipelines and surveying and mapping signs, and the urban geologic basic data refers to the data elements of urban geologic work and urban geologic survey. Basic urban geological data refers to spatial data such as stratigraphic lithology and geological structure involved in urban geological work and engineering construction, as well as various kinds of result data obtained from geological mapping and exploration, such as exploration points (boreholes) and in-situ test data.

Shenzhen Urban Geological Survey Information System (SZUGSIS) urban geographic basic data set element classification and coding, basically refer to the original surveying and mapping products element classification specifications, such as "1:500 1:1000 1:2000 topographic map element classification and code (G B 14804-93)", "Land Basic Information Data Classification and Coding (G B/T 13923)", and the urban geographic basic data set, due to the project construction period of the domestic geologic survey and exploration of the geologic data. The basic data set of urban geology has no domestic norms and standards to follow during the construction period of the project, therefore, according to the actual working needs, the system builder has carried out unified classification and coding of various elements, and the results have been adopted by the "Specification for the Construction of Urban Geographic Information System (C JJ100-2004)".

The process of classification and coding of elements focuses on the following principles:

1) Uniqueness: the coding should be unique and without ambiguity.

2) Extensibility: coding rules and expansion intervals are given to meet the needs of coding expansion and increase in practical applications.

Numbering all digital coding, ***6 bits, the first digit for the subject class, the second digit for the large class, the third and fourth digits for the middle class, the last two digits for the small class and the expansion of the bit.

The following is a brief description of the basic urban geology data set (Tables 3-3-1 to 3-3-7).

1. Stratigraphic Rocks

Table 3-3-1 Stratigraphic Rocks Element Codes

2. Geological Structures

Table 3-3-2 Geological Structures Element Codes

3. Hydrogeology

Table 3-3-3 Hydrogeology Element Codes

4. Seismic Geology

Table 3-3-4 Seismic Geology Element Codes

5. Environmental Geology

Table 3-3-5 Environmental Geology Element Codes

6. Geological Resources

Table 3-3-6 Geological Resources Element Codes

7. Other Elements

Table 3-3-7 Other Geological Element Codes

Continuation of Table

(iv) Data Organization

1. Main Data Types

System data mainly include 3 types of basic geographic data (1:1000 topographic map), basic geological data and engineering survey thematic data (Figure 3-3-2).

2. Attribute data of elements

The attribute data of main elements of the system are shown in Table 3-3-8 to 3-3-18.

Table 3-3-8 Attribute table of stratigraphic boundaries

Figure 3-3-2 Types of data built up by the system management

Table 3-3-9 Attribute table of rock stratum

Table 3-3-10 Attribute table of soil stratum<

Table 3-3-11 Attributes of Exploration Points

Table 3-3-12 Attributes of Faults

Table 3-3-13 Attributes of Earthquake Epicenters

Table 3-3-14 Attributes of Landslides

Table 3-3-15 Attributes of Hazardous Rocks

Table 3-3-16 Attributes of Seawater Intrusion Zones

Table 3-3-17 Attributes of Geological Monuments

The data categories of the system management database

The data categories of the system management database are as follows 17 Attributes of geological remains

Table 3-3-18 Attributes of ground subsidence areas

3. Database structure

The system adopts relational data for organization, and for the more complex relationship between the survey project and exploration point data, the structure between the attribute table of each of its elements and the auxiliary data table is as shown in Figures 3-3-3 to 3-3-5.

Figure 3-3-3. 3 Survey and engineering project-related data tables and interrelationships

Figure 3-3-4 Survey and engineering site (field area)-related data tables and interrelationships

(v) System functions

1. Project querying

The system provides the function of searching for survey and engineering projects in the survey and engineering project database according to keyword querying, combined information querying, or according to the functions of map location point and click selection, box selection, irregular box selection, etc. The system can be used to achieve the function of search and retrieval.

2. Borehole query

The system provides point selection, box selection, given the coordinate range and draw irregular area, selected database boreholes for query and analysis.

3. Positioning query

The system is a standard geographic information system application engineering, can realize the geographic information system to provide a variety of positioning query function. For example, according to the coordinates of the positioning query, according to the location of the name of the query, according to other keywords positioning query, or map browsing positioning and so on.

4. Regional data extraction

By selecting a box on the map, or drawing a region, the realization of the selected region on the exploration points (boreholes), and the part of the exploration points in the form of a simulation of the "project", the data will be exported to the survey software ("survey" software format), and then the data will be exported to the survey software ("survey" software format). e" software format) for further analysis, as shown in Figure 3-3-6.

5. Simulation of borehole generation

System can be generated by selecting the peripheral boreholes on the given planar location point, through data interpolation simulation means, a simulation of boreholes, for querying the presumed stratigraphy of the point and the thickness of the stratigraphy.

6. Output of reports and thematic maps

The system provides output of reports and thematic maps, such as geological plan, borehole histogram, borehole profile, in-situ test hole histogram, stratigraphic summary table, stratigraphic parameter summary table, and summary table of results of geotechnical tests and in-situ tests.

Figure 3-3-5 Relationship between exploration boreholes and data tables of various types of tests

Figure 3-3-6 Outputting selected boreholes as analog engineering data files under W ebGIS version

7. Management and Maintenance Functions

The system provides functions such as data backup, access rights control, and data entry (manual data entry and overall import).

8. Web Publishing

The system adopted the traditional C/S mode at the initial stage of construction, and gradually expanded to B/S mode at the later stage. Through the Bentley GeoWebPublisher platform, the geographic map data and borehole data are published in the Web mode, which gets rid of the cumbersome maintenance and installation tasks on the client side, and makes it possible to realize access to various resources of the system by the terminals within the network with the open of the browser. can realize the access to various resources of the system and find.

Specifically realized functions are as follows:

①Zooming and panning of the map; ②Querying and positioning of the map; ③Interactive querying of various types of survey works and exploration points in the database; ④Selected exploration points are outputted as simulated engineering data for analysis.

In the client development project, combined with Flash Active Script technology, solves the problem of fast response of big data publishing and flexibility of client map operation which can not be realized by simply using the control provided by Bentley GeoWebPublisher, and the client interface is more friendly and easy to operate.

The effect of the query page is shown in Figure 3-3-7.

Figure 3-3-7 Drawing irregular area of selected boreholes

(F) Application of the system

After the completion of the system, the system has been specifically applied in the collection of geologic information, preparation of survey, compilation of results and supplementation of geologic information of the surrounding areas in a number of projects, and good results have been achieved. These projects include: ① Shenzhen Rail Transit Line 4 Phase II Project; ② Shenzhen Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction Information Management System Project; ③ Shenzhen-Hong Kong Western Corridor Shenzhen Side Connection Project; ④ Shenzhen East Coastal Expressway Project; ⑤ Shenzhen Longgang District Land Reserve and Development Center North Passage Municipal Project; and ⑥ Shenzhen Hutchison Whampoa Mission Hills Properties Ltd. Mission Hills Low Density Residential Development Project.

With the increase in the type and quantity of exploration point data and other basic geological data accumulated in the projects, the information provided by the Shenzhen Urban Geological Survey Information System will be more detailed and accurate, and its management and application value will be gradually enhanced. Due to the basicity and representativeness of the system data, the value of the public **** service embodied in the system will also be reflected gradually.

In 2006, the system was honored as the National Excellent GIS Project.

Two, "survey e" digital survey operation system

(A) construction ideas

Currently domestic commercial engineering survey software basically in AutoCAD under the secondary development is completed, the dependence on foreign software is serious, the user running costs are large, not conducive to software licensing, and also not In line with national policy to support the development of national software. On the other hand, the software developed under AutoCAD must sacrifice a lot of customized features, and it is difficult to realize the interactive processing of map genus, which cannot meet the needs of development. With the development of technology in the last two decades, the engineering survey software puts forward more, newer needs, in addition to meet the conventional computer-aided mapping functions, with integrated data management and analysis capabilities, GIS application interface, high degree of standardization, customizable, scalable survey software will be the main direction of development in the next 5 to 10 years.

Aiming at this situation, it is possible to develop a set of ideas different from the traditional way of thinking, urban engineering survey as the main object of service, through the built-in independent intellectual property rights of the graphic platform, can complete the survey data acquisition and processing, the results of the output and management of the professional software, "survey e" digital survey information processing software Is the specific realization of this idea.

Shenzhen survey research unit independently developed "survey e" digital survey information processing software, its characteristic is not dependent on any CAD software, completely independent development, the user one-time completion of the original version, software development began in 2003, using C++Bulider and Visua1 C++. Software development began in 2003, using C++Bulider and Visua1 C++. In 2004, the software was listed as "2004 key information construction project" of the Ministry of Construction, and in 2004, it passed the appraisal of the expert group organized by the Department of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Construction, and the expert appraisal opinion was "leading in the country and advanced in the world".

(2) "Survey e" CAD drawing platform

"Survey e" contains self-developed two-dimensional CAD platform, is a basically fully functional graphic drawing environment (Figure 3-3-8), can meet the engineering survey Data organization and graphic output functional requirements, but also for other geotechnical engineering applications to provide a basic graphic support environment.

1. Drawing graphics

"Survey e" CAD graphics platform realizes the common drawing functions similar to AutoCAD drawing operation. Including: drawing straight line segments, drawing polygonal lines, drawing orthogonal polygons, drawing rectangles, drawing arcs, drawing circles, drawing ellipses, drawing spline curves, drawing multi-line text, generating blocks and fills.

2. Edit graphics

"Survey e" CAD graphics platform will realize AutoCAD commonly used editing graphics functions. Including: delete, copy, mirror, offset, array, rotate, scale, crop, extend, decompose and align.

3. Browse function

"Survey e" CAD graphics platform will realize AutoCAD commonly used browsing functions, including: graphic window zoom in, zoom out and panning function. Provide a variety of ways to zoom in and out of the browser, including window zoom, center zoom.

Figure 3-3-8 "survey e" drawing environment

4. auxiliary drawing functions

"Survey e" CAD graphics platform provides capture, orthogonal auxiliary drawing functions. Capture point types are: endpoints, center point, center of circle, intersection, tangent, perpendicular point, quadrant point and the nearest point.

5. Interactive drawing

"Survey e" CAD graphics platform provides command line input and brush interactive way of drawing. Keyboard mode can accurately input the world coordinates, to make up for the shortcomings of the brush drawing accuracy. ESC key to cancel the current command, you can also Enter key to complete the current command; auxiliary drawing commands panning, real-time zoom and scroll wheel zoom without interrupting the current drawing, modification commands, such as: draw a straight line, object copy, etc.;

6. Layer management

"Survey e" CAD graphics platform Provide layer management functions.

1) Create multiple layers: you can create multiple layers, each layer manages the entities it owns.

2) Lock Layer: Lock the specified layer so that you cannot edit or modify the entities.

3) Hidden Layer: hides the specified layer so that neither the entities can be seen nor modified.

4) Freeze Layer: freezes the specified layer.

5) Delete Layer: deletes the specified layer and the entities owned by the layer are also deleted.

6) Entity change layer: changes the layer properties of the selected entity.

7. Graphic file access

"Survey e" CAD graphics platform provides graphic file access.

1) compatible with AutoCAD DXF file format: can open and save DXF files, not dealing with AutoCAD-specific line type, font.

2) customize the file format ".CAD": can be saved in the form of a file stream as a ".CAD" file, but also be able to read ".CAD" files, and compatible with earlier versions. CAD" files, and is compatible with earlier versions.

3) Drawing source file .wmf: can be saved as a .wmf file, but cannot be read.

8. Printing and print preview function

Survey CAD graphics platform provides printing and print preview function.

1) can display the current LAN *** enjoy, available printers.

2) can display the basic information of the printer.

3) Can preview and print graphics by object line width and object color.

4) Can print and preview graphics according to the user-specified print style, and if both object line width and object color are specified, the object line width and object color take precedence.

5) the ability to edit the print style and save as a file, the color value to represent the print style, each color value represents the color, line width and line type to be printed, up to 256 color values.

6) can specify whether to preview and print graphics according to the print style.

7) The ability to list all paper types currently supported by the printer.

8) The ability to specify the print direction: portrait, landscape.

9) the ability to specify the print area: graphic boundaries, graphic range, the current display of graphics and window selection range.

10) can specify the print ratio and the number of copies to print.

11) can be specified in accordance with the offset method of printing or centering, offset method can be entered relative to the upper left corner of the paper in the X, Y direction of the offset distance.

12) batch print function, can batch printouts.

(3) survey operation function

1. data entry function

Provides various types of survey data entry function, and static touch test and some geotechnical test software data directly into the system function. The entry interface is shown in Figure 3-3-9.

2. Thematic map generation function

1) plan layout: according to the engineering data can be automatically generated output exploration point plan position distribution map, according to the click position of the brush layout exploration point, drag and drop exploration point, you can also select the exploration point layout section line.

2) Plan view: according to the specified scale and the original input parameters, automatically generate the output drill hole plan position distribution map. The map includes: drill holes, profile lines, etc., and can be overlaid with any topographic map and features.

Figure 3-3-9 "Survey e" drill hole data entry interface

3) Columnar map: automatically generate any location of the geological columnar map.

4) section map: automatically or manually divide the soil layer, automatically generate engineering geological section (section) map, including drilling data, dynamic and static probing curves and other in-situ test data, design elevation, foundation elevation schematic, etc.; capable of editing and processing a variety of special circumstances.

The interface is shown in Figure 3-3-10.

5) Contour map, cloud map: according to a variety of classical algorithms (triangular network method, grid method, etc.) to automatically generate the ground contour, the depth contour of each rock and soil layer, the thickness contour of each soil layer, bedrock contour, groundwater contour and other contour maps, etc.; in the way of drawing lines, free drawing contour maps of the internal and external boundaries, the process of intuitive and simple. The interface is shown in Figure 3-3-11 and Figure 3-3-12.

(D) template customization

The software provides customized template function and automatically generates graphics according to the template. Different units or companies drawn by the geological survey thematic map format is different, but completely in accordance with their own requirements to customize the template; the size of the template in line with the national drawing size specification (Figure 3-3-13).

Figure 3-3-10 "Survey e" to generate section diagram

Figure 3-3-11 "Survey e" to generate cloud map options dialog box

Figure 3-3-12 " Survey e" equivalent cloud map generation effect

Figure 3-3-13 "Survey e" thematic map template customization schematic

1. Graphical symbols management

The system provides the function of customizing symbols. Symbols are graphic blocks with specific meanings, which are used to generate thematic maps; in addition to the symbols that come with the system, users are free to expand their own symbols (Figure 3-3-14):

1) It is possible to save any graphic in the system as a symbol, and symbols can be categorized and displayed.

2) The ability to drag and drop any symbol directly into the graphic at a certain scale.

3) Symbols can be edited and deleted.

2. Survey Report Generation

Provides automatic generation of the first draft of engineering survey report, automatic completion of the statistics and analysis of geotechnical test, water quality analysis and in-situ test.

3. Auxiliary engineering design

Provides shallow foundation settlement calculation, pile bearing capacity and settlement calculation function (Figure 3-3-15).

(E) Three-dimensional visualization function

The system adopts OpenGL technology and three-dimensional grid interpolation algorithm to realize the function of simulating and displaying the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the stratum level. And it can control the stratum level model through the mouse to zoom, rotate and other observations, as well as output the view as a graphics file and other functions (Figure 3-3-16).

Figure 3-3-14 "Survey e" symbol management function

Figure 3-3-15 "Survey e" auxiliary calculation and analysis dialog box

Related to the import and export of data, the current "Survey e" software can be survey project data files imported into the Shenzhen City Survey Information System as a whole, but also able to receive and open the Shenzhen City Survey Information System exported project data files.

"Survey e" network version and stand-alone version of the survey project data can also be imported and exported as a whole file for non-destructive exchange.

Figure 3-3-16 "survey e" three-dimensional stratigraphic level distribution simulation

(F) system application

At present, the software has been widely used in shenzhen and the domestic many areas and units of the survey and the internal operation of the production business, after ".... Shenzhen Rail Transit Line 4 Phase II Project" and other large-scale survey project test, achieved a good application value.

The software also according to the application of the actual needs, continuous improvement and upgrading.

Three, slope engineering three-dimensional visualization design

1. Overview

Currently, the slope support engineering design is generally used two-dimensional drawings, according to the plane, elevation and section of the three-view design expression of the way, due to the slope is often not a spatially simple "plane", the original terrain is a very irregular surface. Because the slope is not a simple "plane" in space, the original terrain is a very irregular spatial surface. The traditional two-dimensional design can only provide a rough conceptual expression of the above problems, and cannot accurately portray the shape before and after the support. Not only is the calculation of the project quantity inaccurate, resulting in the deviation of the budget from the actual cost, but also due to the inaccuracy of the design conditions, resulting in insufficient or excessive support, forming a safety hazard or waste of work.

In addition, the permanent slope project landscape problem is getting more and more attention, in order to ensure safety at the same time, the construction project requires slope design can be environmentally friendly and beautiful, and even play a role in landscape decoration. With the traditional three-view way, for the complex slope slope planning and positioning, not only time-consuming and laborious, often the error is also very serious. And often found that part of the slope surface lines strange, lattice beam twisted ugly, largely because of the two-dimensional design map expression is not clear, the depth is not enough, positioning is not allowed to guide and constraints on the construction of the reason.

The use of three-dimensional visualization of slope design refers to the use of three-dimensional spatial modeling technology, the establishment of an accurate three-dimensional model of the slope, on the basis of which a new generation of design methods for the support structure layout and calculation and analysis. It can eliminate many deficiencies of the traditional two-dimensional design for complex slopes, and Shenzhen survey research units have made more effective attempts in this regard.

2. Achievements

Under the MicroStation platform, a three-dimensional visualization modeling system for slopes has been developed and completed, with the following specific functions: 1) three-dimensional modeling of the original terrain through topographic maps; 2) three-dimensional stratigraphic spatial distribution patterns can be simulated through borehole information; 3) simulation of spatial production and distribution patterns of structural surfaces; 4) simulation and calculation of earth and rock mass; 5) simulation and calculation of earth and rock mass; 6) three-dimensional excavation; 7) three-dimensional excavation and calculation of earth and rock mass; 8) three-dimensional excavation and calculation of earth and rock mass. The system can realize three-dimensional excavation simulation and earth and stone quantitative calculation; ⑤ the deployment of slope support structure in the three-dimensional environment and the statistics of engineering quantity.

Based on spatial modeling, the system will gradually develop the functions of three-dimensional landscape design and display, stability calculation and analysis. The simulation effect of slope visualization design is shown in Figure 3-3-17, 18, 19.

Figure 3-3-17 3D modeling effect of reinforced lattice girder support scheme

Figure 3-3-18 3D model of anchor reinforced lattice girder system(1)

Figure 3-3-19 3D model of anchor reinforced lattice girder system(2)