From pen and paper to computer, from stand-alone to network, from "Internet +" to "smart +", the speed of technological development is mind-boggling. In our country, people on the network, intelligent and other concepts of acceptance of the strong ability to exceed the majority of countries in the world, it seems that as long as it is associated with intelligent things into the high ranks.
For the manufacturing industry, the term "smart manufacturing" is as hot as the summer sun, burning people. This side of a variety of "smart" companies have been on the horse, over there, several "smart" company quietly closed, so many public media, media without investigation, such as the brainless beasts follow the wind and move, hot and cold uneven, irresponsible comments all over the place, to a certain extent! The impact and even disruption of the manufacturing industry, especially the equipment manufacturing industry in the digital, networked, intelligent development of the road forward.
In fact, in the process of the development of things, very few people can be sure to distinguish between right and wrong at that time on the same day, kill and kill are not wise. Field investigation, calm thinking, prudent implementation, timely correction, is in the industrial equipment manufacturing practitioners should move.
In the past two years, the former Vice Minister of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, Mr. Shen Liechu, on the machine tools and related manufacturing problems in the field of several voices, in the industry has caused a small impact. Recently, Mr. Shen authorized machine tool magazine to publish the first "Jinsheng intelligent huge losses, this is not the fault of the" intelligent manufacturing "article, and the end of last year's release of" Siemens Automation (Chengdu) Limited company triggered by the thinking "(microblogging article called" China and Germany in the difference between intelligent manufacturing?) echo each other, analyzing in depth the reasons behind the success and failure of intelligent manufacturing, and putting forward their own views.
Jinsheng Intelligent huge loss, it is not the fault of "intelligent manufacturing"
In recent times, Jinsheng Intelligent huge loss of reports and posts, such as the official microblogging of China Economic Weekly published on April 26, 2019, "last year's huge losses 2.866 billion "unmanned factory" can not be done? Jinsheng Intelligence: please look carefully at the announcement", the opening paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 of the article are as follows:
On April 23, Jinsheng Intelligence (300083.SZ) disclosed its annual report.2018, Jinsheng Intelligence realized operating income of 5.507 billion yuan, down 14.25% year-on-year; to achieve a net profit attributable to the owners of the parent company of -2.866 billion yuan, a year-on-year decline of 721.88%. During the reporting period, the company's gross profit margin on sales was 12.54%, a decrease of 14.03 percentage points from the previous year, and the net profit margin on sales was -52.08%, a decrease of 59.25 percentage points from the previous year.
Jinsheng Intelligence is Dongguan intelligent manufacturing "star enterprise", "National Intelligent Manufacturing Demonstration Unit". In particular, the "unmanned factory" built by Jinsheng Intelligence in Dongcheng, Dongguan, is the first batch of intelligent manufacturing special projects of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the country, and is the only intelligent manufacturing demonstration project in the field of 3C.
A review of the background of the event
July 24, 2016, the national pilot demonstration of intelligent manufacturing experience exchange will be held in Dongguan, Guangdong, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the main leaders attended and presided over the meeting, the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Guangdong Province, and the national provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions, the Economic Commission for Information Technology / Department of the Ministry of Information Technology of the leaders in charge of the focus on the industry, academia, research and development, the leadership was invited to participate in the meeting. Leaders were invited to participate in the meeting, a large scale. The main leader of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology pointed out in his speech: "to y understand the enormity and urgency of intelligent manufacturing", "is an important embodiment of the supply-side reform of the manufacturing industry to promote the construction of a new manufacturing system is an inevitable choice, but also to promote the manufacturing industry to the high-end and the construction of a manufacturing power of the important initiatives ", "to promote intelligent manufacturing is a complex and huge systematic project, need to constantly explore, trial and error, difficult to achieve overnight, more can not be rushed, must be unremitting and systematic to promote ......".
In September 2016, the then State Council leader in charge of industry visited Dongguan Jinsheng Intelligent Components Co. ......
The project landed in the predecessor of Guangdong Jinsheng Intelligent Group Co. Ltd. (Jinsheng Precision), which is a foundry mainly engaged in the OEM of metallic and non-metallic components for cell phones. There are 10 automated drilling and tapping production lines in the intelligent workshop, including 180 sets of domestic high-speed and high-precision CNC drilling and tapping centers, 81 sets of domestic robots, 30 sets of RGVs, 10 sets of AGVs, a set of fully automated parts inspection system, and a full set of domestically produced industrial software systems, including the cloud numerical control platform, CAPP, APS advanced scheduling system, MES production management system, etc., and the production control center, which provides three-dimensional simulation of the production process and three-dimensional simulation of the production process. In addition, it has a popular automated drilling and tapping promotion line, a robot grinding production line, an intelligent production line for intelligent manufacturing personnel training, and an intelligent sensing sub-system to adapt to the manufacturing site based on the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, transform and upgrade the existing intelligent system, and establish a visualization system for the whole manufacturing process. system, the establishment of the whole manufacturing process visualization integrated control center and the latest domestic software and hardware and information architecture. Technically speaking, the project is characterized by "three countries", "six" and "one core". "Three countries" that is, all domestic CNC machine tools and equipment, domestic CNC systems, domestic industrial software; "six" that is, equipment automation, process digitalization, production flexibility, process visualization, information integration, decision-making autonomy; "A core" is to build a smart factory "big data center". Jinsheng intelligent unmanned (less people) chemical plant, should be said to represent the highest level of domestic technology "big treasure", is the government, industry, research, learning and use of dozens of units of large collaborative scientific and technological achievements, according to the author's understanding, foreign countries are also rare, should be treasured.
In addition, Jinsheng Intelligence as an opportunity to transform intelligent manufacturing. In order to transform, Jinsheng Intelligence acquired "Genesis", holding "Jia Chan Precision", shares in Wuhan Aipu Gonghua, these three companies in the intelligent manufacturing production line to provide CNC machine tools, MES systems and automation integration, so that in the future Jinsheng Intelligence according to their own lessons learned, hardware and software technology. Based on its own lessons learned, hardware and software technology accumulation, Jinsheng Intelligence can become an integrator that can provide a full range of hardware and software solutions for other enterprises in the manufacturing industry to carry out digitalization, networking and later intelligent manufacturing. This is a correct strategic choice.
Thinking and revelation
Why Jinsheng Intelligent such a nationally renowned intelligent manufacturing demonstration enterprise, but a few years, a huge loss occurred? Thus, Jinsheng Intelligence to withdraw from the cell phone OEM industry, followed by the withdrawal of consumer electronics manufacturing industry, how to deal with the huge losses that have been caused as well as unmanned (fewer people) chemical plant of the existing equipment, which is a difficult problem in front of the Jinsheng Intelligence.
This news shook part of the manufacturing industry in all walks of life, associating last year, a group of consumer electronics, especially cell phone OEM enterprises have losses, such as listed companies Aurora loss of 1.7 billion, the production of industrial technology losses are also more serious and so on. Involved in its provision of CNC machine tools and other equipment market sales also declined. These OEM enterprises apply CNC high-precision high-speed drilling and tapping (silk) machine tools and other equipment with low entry thresholds, many machine tool companies use the assembly model, the full set of the introduction of foreign functional components to produce CNC drilling and tapping machine tools, thus triggering a major reshuffle of the machine tool companies in this category, and even caused the fracture of the capital chain of some famous enterprises! This lesson is worth thinking about the various enterprises in the industry chain.
I used to have heard of Jinsheng intelligent project, although there is no direct opportunity to study and inspect, but there are a number of questions about the program, has asked the Mechanical Industry Instrumentation Comprehensive Technical and Economic Research Institute (hereinafter referred to as the instrumentation synthesis of the experts to investigate in order to clear up the doubts, but only focusing on the technical level, and did not carefully study the characteristics of the production of deep-seated consumer electronics, especially the cell phone industry, the rapid market change characteristics, not only new technology, but also the rapid market changes in the industry. The characteristics of the rapid market changes, not only new technologies, new materials change quickly, and with " fashion " (Fashion) features triggered by the rapid iteration of the product updates, and the foundry's current intelligent manufacturing model can not yet adapt to the user's changing market needs. Shocked, I asked the editor-in-chief of the machine tool magazine Liang Yu to pull out Jinsheng Intelligent 2018 more than 200 pages of the annual report for research, and came up with the following some crude revelations, the deeper issues need to be dissected by professionals.
(a) "intelligent manufacturing" can not correct the human major error in decision-making
Jinsheng Intelligent huge losses, this is not the "intelligent manufacturing" fault, but may be the business The leaders of the human decision-making is not completely correct due to, at least to the current level, the so-called "intelligent manufacturing" to correct the human decision-making of major errors.
I've been studying "smart manufacturing" for a few years now, and I've been analyzing and researching the views of scholars at home and abroad with the help of the theory of practice, the theory of contradiction, the theory of engineering control, and the theory of systems engineering. On the other hand, I have been y involved in enterprises to understand the manifestations of the unbalanced and insufficient development of China's manufacturing industry. I have always believed that most of China's manufacturing enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises are still in the era of Industry 1.0, Industry 2.0, Industry 3.0 only exists in some of the strength of the vision of the large and medium-sized enterprises, which have an international perspective and participate in various ways in the international competition and division of labor, starting from CAD, CAM, CAPP in the digitization, networking difficult to progressively promote the majority of the two or three decades of history, such as Changshu Switch Co. History, such as Changshu Switch Co., Ltd. from the introduction of CAD technology in 1991, has been twenty-eight years of history, others, such as Shandong Lingong, Wendeng Crankshaft, Weichai, Xugong, etc., the use of information technology management have more than twenty years of history, or even longer. Compared with developed countries such as the United States, Germany and Japan, their enterprises have introduced scientific management methods such as lean production and just-in-time management since the beginning of the Industry 2.0 era, continuously optimizing the process flow, accumulating a large amount of data, and establishing data centers. In Industry 2.0 to Industry 3.0 era, probably in the 1960s and 1970s, I examined the manufacturing enterprises in these countries, most of the enterprises have local area networks (LANs) and private networks, intranets, many enterprises have begun to use computer management, that is to say, the introduction of computer management has been a large amount of data, the real data accumulated by all aspects of the enterprise is the premise of computer management.
From the 1950s began to appear as a commodity CNC machine tools, then that is the beginning of the era of digital control of equipment, especially in the 1970s, the emergence of integrated circuits, digital computers, PLCs and other industrial control equipment is gradually applied not only for the production of product design, manufacturing and management, and has begun to be used in the production line of the integration of the control, digitalization, networking, and the future of the Smart Manufacturing must be Built on the basis of advanced manufacturing processes and management, in turn, digitalization, networking and later intelligent manufacturing in-depth application, and promote advanced manufacturing processes and management more optimized, and further improve the two are dialectical relationship, mutually reinforcing, which is what I have been emphasizing: digitalization, networking and later intelligent manufacturing, is only a means to an end, not the end, the purpose is to improve quality and efficiency, reduce costs, compress inventory, accelerate capital flow, and to improve the quality of the production process. The purpose is to improve quality and efficiency, reduce costs, compress inventory, accelerate capital flow, shorten R & D and manufacturing time, quality and on-time delivery, and strengthen maintenance services. In short, to accelerate the supply-side reform, transformation and upgrading, and constantly meet the needs of the user that is the demand side. I believe that the correct handling of the end and means of the dialectical relationship, thereby accelerating the development of industry 1.0 to industry 2.0 remedial courses, and then accelerate the development of industry 3.0 promotion. At present, there is no real industry 4.0 stage of testing the waters, because many companies even the right, full coverage of the database has not yet been fully established, industry 2.0 remedial is to make up for the scientific management, the establishment of a sound and advanced technology system and business processes, is to make up for the enterprise people, machines, materials, methods, environment, measurement and other production factors of the digitalization of the description of the production elements, the establishment of production factors of the database, in order to lay the foundation for the full digitalization of enterprise operations. The basis of enterprise operation, data fast, effective, correct, high-capacity real-time transmission, it is necessary to establish a network, so digitalization and networking are inseparable.
In October last year, I visited and studied the industry called one of the highest level of intelligence Siemens Automation Products (Chengdu) Limited (hereinafter referred to as "Siemens Chengdu Plant"), the production of PLC, HMI and other global supply of electronic products, the main R & D base in Germany, the order from Siemens headquarters under the Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Siemens Chengdu Plant"), which produces PLC, HMI and other electronic products for global supply, with its main R&D base in Germany and orders placed by Siemens Headquarters. The visit was impressive and enlightening, and I wrote a paper after I came back: "Thinking triggered by the visit to Siemens Automation Products (Chengdu) Co Ltd--Another discussion on the differences between Chinese and German experts, entrepreneurs and officials on the understanding of "Smart Manufacturing"" (this paper is attached). After this article readers are interested in can be corrected), may be able to find out Jinsheng intelligence and Siemens Chengdu plant to achieve the so-called "intelligent manufacturing", from the concept, strategy and tactics and implementation of the process of the differences in the implementation of the implementation of completely different results, of course, the specific technical aspects are not comparable.
The person in charge of Siemens Chengdu: Chengdu plant is not yet an intelligent factory, the level of technology is only Industry 3.X stage, but a fully digitalized factory (to wit), this is why?
(2) Intelligent manufacturing is only a means to make products need to have a market, competitive
Jensen intelligence is a specialized OEM for cell phone customers, their own no product, the largest customer is Samsung. Samsung does not order, there are two reasons, one is China's labor costs are too expensive, OEMs are transferred to Southeast Asia to go, giving Jinsheng intelligent great impact. Secondly, 4G development to 5G, because 5G is millimeter wave, cell phone materials from aluminum and magnesium alloy change to glass and plastic, increase the shielding effect, at the same time because consumer electronics with " fashion " (Fashion) characteristics, shape changes quickly, and thus the process from the mold processing to no mold processing (in fact, CNC machine tools can be), Jinsheng Intelligent more (in fact, CNC machine can do it), Jinsheng Intelligent even more adaptable. The annual report of Jinsheng Intelligence's Shenzhen Genesis company, the main R & D and production of CNC machine tools and machining centers, turnover has declined, but has not yet been a loss, because it has its own main products, can be quickly transformed (Genesis company registered capital of 300 million yuan).
(C) the superstructure and the economic base and the relations of production and the productive forces must be compatible
I checked the 2018 annual report, Jinsheng Group share structure is very complex, there are as many as five layers, and the interests of the various levels are not exactly the same. In the past two years, due to the effect of the demonstration project, the scale has expanded rapidly, and the children and grandchildren of Jinsheng Intelligent are more than 15 companies. The author does not know whether these situations have any negative impact on Jinsheng Intelligence, only Jinsheng Holdings people know. It also requires further observation and in-depth study by professionals.
(4) Implications for "government, industry, academia, research and use"
By Shen Liechu October 2018