Silicon Valley's contribution to the new U.S. economy is not only in economic growth, but also in the development of a perfect market mechanism and the creation of a culture conducive to innovation. Silicon Valley people in entrepreneurship to create a Silicon Valley culture, and the Silicon Valley culture and further attract, cohesion of all parties outstanding talent into Silicon Valley. In fact, in the long run, the demonstration effect and far-reaching impact of the Silicon Valley culture to gather talents and develop the economy greatly exceeds the growth of its economic indicators. This potential impact is a huge wealth and spiritual factors that are difficult to show in figures. The United States states also seek to follow the example of Silicon Valley, launched a series of initiatives, the implementation of economic restructuring, intended in the United States in the process of the emergence of a new economy, to wrestle with the dominant position. And in the whole development, "culture" in the role of the economy should be caused by the private science and technology park enterprises in China's attention and thinking.
1. The basic connotation of the Silicon Valley culture
The basic connotation of the Silicon Valley culture, in a nutshell, is that "the prosperity of academia, innovation; encourage risk-taking, tolerance of failure; advocate competition, equality and openness; talk about cooperation, people-oriented".
(1) Prosperous academics, continuous innovation. The free development of academics is the catalyst and booster for the development of high-tech industry. Democratic, loose, free academic environment is conducive to the exchange of ideas and communication of information. The sparks generated by the collision of ideas in the process of communication are bound to enlighten new ideas and new creativity. These new ideas, new ideas often evolve into the germ of high technology and the starting point of new industries. Visible, prosperous academic is Silicon Valley all high-tech industry development *** with the foundation. In the development process of Silicon Valley, Stanford University and other well-known academic institutions not only a steady stream of inputs of various types of talent, but also the university's good academic style and academic tradition to Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley, breeding a thriving academic research, academic research culture, thus providing the Silicon Valley, talent, intelligence, and technology, all aspects of the strong support. Continuous innovation reflects the innovative spirit of Silicon Valley people who dare to be the first in the world at all times, in all things and in all places. Silicon Valley has gathered a large number of outstanding innovative talents from all over the world, these knowledge-based immigrants brought countries, cultures from all over the world, and a variety of cultures continue to intertwine, intermingle, and formed a unique innovation concept, these new ideas to promote institutional innovation and environmental innovation. Under the influence of this innovative atmosphere, the Silicon Valley people's thinking more and more active, more and more keen vision, people are striving to turn some good ideas into new technologies, new products and new services, and occupy the market. It can be said that the Silicon Valley people all the time in the pursuit of innovation, which has almost become the Silicon Valley people work, all of life. It is this relentless pursuit of Silicon Valley talent, new technologies, new products endless new picture, new situation.
(2) Encourage risk-taking and tolerate failure. In Silicon Valley, people's optimistic enterprising spirit as well as the same industry, social competition are constantly motivating people to venture, dare to take risks. In recent years, the increasingly perfect venture capital mechanism is to stimulate the spirit of adventure in Silicon Valley. More and more people in Silicon Valley experience risk and opportunity together. No adventure, there can be no new development opportunities. Silicon Valley people in this kind of venture, adventure in the venture, and inevitably will have the experience of failure, and the outsiders that kind of security and stability, waiting for the rabbit mentality, it is difficult to be the same day. Because of this, Silicon Valley people are extremely tolerant of failure, their "failure is the mother of success", "entrepreneurial failure breeds success", "failure is a kind of wealth for the development of people". The understanding and concept of "failure is the mother of success", "entrepreneurial failure breeds success", "failure is an asset to human development" has become a wise attitude generally recognized by the people of Silicon Valley, and has also become a kind of internal spiritual motivation for people to take risks in innovation. However, in many parts of the world, mistakes and failures in work, technology or decision-making are often regarded as a shame or a stigma, and can even jeopardize a person's life prospects. This perception inevitably fosters and contributes to the conservative mentality of people who are afraid to fail and take risks. In Silicon Valley, many companies will take the initiative to reward the willingness to take risks, active participation in the courageous and knowledgeable, but do not go to punish the risk-taking losers. Silicon Valley culture of tolerance for failure, greatly incentivize and stimulate the staff to try, the courage to explore the enthusiasm for innovation. It should be said that the Silicon Valley to encourage risk-taking, tolerance of failure of the unique cultural atmosphere is the development of human wisdom, civilization development to a new level of new sublimation.
(3) advocate competition, equality and openness. Today's world is full of competition, high-tech competition is particularly fierce. In Silicon Valley, every company and even every person all the time in the feeling of competition, struggle in the competition. In the strict and fair market competition law, people are not only focusing on their own ability and level of continuous improvement, but also focus on the competition to the opponent to learn, respect for rivals, in the exchange of equality. In the competition and exchange of some good ideas, often easier to get sponsorship or venture capital support. Silicon Valley, the spirit of the sea of people style, so that the Silicon Valley people can be free to fully express their personal views and opinions, colleagues or supervisors will not only be encouraged, and will be fully evaluated on the basis of serious absorption of valuable views and suggestions. Silicon Valley's high degree of openness also contributes to the high mobility of talent, this high openness, high mobility, to attract, cohesion of high-quality talent, to give full play to their creative potential, is essential.
(4) Cooperation and people-oriented. Silicon Valley people not only have a strong personal, individual spirit of innovation and competition, at the same time they also attach great importance to the team spirit. People generally realize that, in the rapid development of high-tech contemporary, the success of any cause can not be as in the past, relying only on personal struggle can be achieved, and must rely on synergy, cooperation and the power of the group. Fortune magazine, a reporter visited the Silicon Valley, pointed out that "there is a kind of cooperation between the company surprised people, the degree of closeness is no less than the Japanese, this cooperation stems from the exchange between individuals." High-tech industry in Silicon Valley to flourish, fundamentally benefited from the cohesion of talent, and the cohesion of talent relies on the "people-oriented" concept. Talent is universally respected, the value of human beings is fully reflected, so that employees have more and more fair opportunities to rely on their own talent rich, is the biggest secret of the success of Silicon Valley. The company generally shareholding dividend system, the company's employees are both laborers and owners, this incentive mechanism greatly strengthens the sense of ownership of the staff, effectively stimulate the staff's potential for creativity and work on the commitment and pursuit.
2. The Essential Characteristics of Silicon Valley Culture
Through the above analysis, the Silicon Valley culture includes at least the following five essential characteristics:
(1) Silicon Valley culture is a kind of culture that seeks for differences and innovations. Silicon Valley people's sense of innovation and innovative activities to create, constitute the core connotation of Silicon Valley culture. This kernel of culture infects and influences all the people who come to Silicon Valley. It can be said that the Silicon Valley space is full of different and new breath, innovative thinking, innovative activities all the time, everywhere.
(2) Silicon Valley culture is an open-minded immigrant culture. There is a saying in Silicon Valley that "Silicon Valley is made up of IC[,s]. This does not refer to the ICs, but to the Indians (Indians) and Chinese (Chinese)." This statement speaks to the immigrant base of Silicon Valley. In fact, Silicon Valley has also gathered a large number of outstanding talents in high-tech industries from various countries other than China and India. Various, diverse, multicultural integration, has formed the Silicon Valley colorful, dynamic immigrant culture.
(3) Silicon Valley culture is a kind of human nature, the free development of personality culture. Freedom here is not lawlessness, not to mention lawlessness. The culture here contains responsibility, obligation, rule of law, equality, fairness *** with the norms and social morality; is in the transparent market mechanism, breaking through all the traditional cultural constraints, in everyone's rationality *** knowledge on the basis of gradual and incremental development.
(4) Silicon Valley culture is a kind of academic culture. The birth of Silicon Valley originated from the entrepreneurship of professors and students at Stanford University. These pioneers brought the seeds of academics, making Silicon Valley become a place where academics are fully integrated into industry and industry relies on academics for development. Entrepreneurs in the innovation process know the importance of academics, the valuable, they cherish this tradition, and from generation to generation, so that Silicon Valley has been full of academic flavor. It can be said that without academics, there is no Silicon Valley, is the academic breeding Silicon Valley culture.
(5) Silicon Valley culture is a people-oriented culture. "People-oriented" emphasizes the core role of people in economic and social activities and fundamental position, emphasizes the value of people - all kinds of people, the value of each person can be self-fulfilling, and emphasizes the opportunity and conditions for the full and free development of each person. It should be said that the Silicon Valley culture is "people-oriented" the concept of a full embodiment.
3. Silicon Valley culture on the development of private science and technology park enterprises inspiration
Silicon Valley culture as a typical representative of the innovation culture, to speed up China's private science and technology parks in the cultural construction of at least the following aspects of inspiration:
(1) the development of private science and technology parks can not be separated from the pioneering culture of innovation. Culture is the fruit of ideological realization and spiritual sublimation in human social activities. Generally speaking, culture is national and epochal. Culture is the spiritual power to unite people's hearts and inspire morale. Culture form can be divided into national culture, regional culture, enterprise culture and so on. But no matter what form of culture, it must continue to innovate and develop in order to gain vitality. Silicon Valley culture is a kind of regional culture, it is through the multi-country multi-ethnic immigrants brought in by the intermingling of cultures of many countries, condensed into a new type, full of vigor and vitality of the innovative culture. Silicon Valley people rely on this culture to promote the rapid economic and social development of the Silicon Valley region, the formation of a unique Silicon Valley model, which is the contemporary advanced innovation culture has a significant impact on the reality of society as a living example.
(2) The innovation culture of private science and technology parks requires a perfect market mechanism. Some scholars have made a comparative study of the Silicon Valley and Highway 128 industrial zone, and found that in a number of development indicators, Silicon Valley from the original backward to later on, and maintain the momentum of vigorous development, in the cohesion of talent, attracting funds, industrialization level, the pulling effect on the economy, etc., are far more than the Highway 128 industrial zone. In the final analysis, the Silicon Valley model has followed the law of market economy from the very beginning and established a perfect market mechanism. The division of labor among the government, society and industry is also more scientific and reasonable, and more adaptable to the requirements of market economy. The Highway 128 industrial zone relies too much on government support, and too much official participation leads to relatively rigid mechanisms and conservative concepts, and is in a weak position in the development of innovative culture, thus manifesting itself as lagging behind in the speed of development. Silicon Valley model is unique, so that many countries and regions, including the United States, have to follow, but so far it is still difficult to "clone" a second Silicon Valley, the fundamental reason is that it is difficult to transplant the Silicon Valley culture. The birth of Silicon Valley culture development and perfect market mechanism is interdependent, mutual promotion, which reveals a truth, innovative culture needs a perfect market mechanism.
(3) Private science and technology parks need high-level talent groups and democratic and free academic atmosphere of innovation culture. High-level talent group is the foundation of the innovation culture, democratic and free academic atmosphere is the guarantee of the innovation culture. The development of Silicon Valley is a sufficient empirical evidence. In recent years, under the vigorous lobbying of the high-tech industry in Silicon Valley, the United States has expanded the number of H1-B skilled immigrant visas, and some Silicon Valley companies have also adopted J1 visas without quota restrictions to prompt employees to immigrate, and then tried to change the immigration status of these employees in the United States. These highly qualified immigrants who enter Silicon Valley through different channels are considered to be the source of Silicon Valley's intelligence. It is this group of high-level talent from various countries that lays the foundation of Silicon Valley culture. Academic is the source of innovative ideas, democratic and free academic atmosphere can stimulate the enthusiasm for innovation, enlightenment of innovative ideas. Such as Cambridge University has a drink afternoon tea form of academic salon, from the historical process, where the "afternoon tea" inspired a generation of scientists successful ideas. Nobel Prize winner Professor F. Sanger is to come here to drink tea and exchange, be inspired, improve the experimental design, and ultimately completed the phage of all the DNA nucleotide sequencing, the results of this achievement so that he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the second time. It is said that this kind of afternoon tea academic salon has been "drinking out" of more than 60 Nobel Prize winners. In Silicon Valley, people's academic exchanges are more simple, effective, anytime, anywhere can chat up, in the process of "chatting", many academic ideas, academic views on the tangible and intangible in the generation, dissemination and exchange. This is exactly the Silicon Valley people creative new, more ideas of the root. So the culture of innovation not only to have high-level talent groups, but also to have a full exchange of ideas in a loose, democratic, free academic atmosphere.
(4) private science and technology parks innovation culture can be developed in a certain region. Silicon Valley culture is an innovative culture within the Silicon Valley region, it is not possible to transplant completely, but can learn from. In fact, many countries and regions have developed their own regional innovation culture by learning from the experience of Silicon Valley. Such as Japan's Tsukuba Science City, Taiwan's Hsinchu Science Industrial Park, as well as science parks and private science and technology parks in various developed countries and regions. Their success is invariably due to the establishment of the park's innovation culture. We believe that, drawing on the development of foreign innovation culture, relying on high-tech development zones and science parks, the development of China's private science and technology parks innovation culture is completely feasible. We must focus on vigorously creating academic atmosphere, optimizing entrepreneurial environment and gathering a large number of high-level talents. From the attraction of overseas students into the park business, the introduction of foreign innovative cultural concepts to develop the park's innovative culture, and then through the development of innovative culture, more cohesion of various types of talent, *** with the promotion of the construction and development of the park. This is the scientific way, the wise way. Do not just focus on hardware, just focus on form, just put a sum of money, spread a stall, set up a frame, it is urgent to declare themselves (or will be) China's this "valley", that "valley". Wise people in the sobriety, the real "valley" is valuable in the deep cultural connotation, as well as the connotation derived from the "inner strength" and vitality.