The range of cannons in the Qing Dynasty in China was less than 5, meters.

in the 16th and 17th centuries, during the alternating period of Ming and Qing dynasties in China, red cannons were introduced to China and used in wars. During the apocalypse of the Ming dynasty, there was a refugee rebellion in the court and a strong enemy invasion outside.

In order to win the war, the imperial court sent an imperial envoy to buy 22 red cannons from the Portuguese. Of these 22 cannons, 11 were transferred to Ningyuan. This was the front line of the north against the late Jin at that time.

The red cannon showed great strength soon after it was transported to the battlefield. Soon after it was on the battlefield, it helped the Ming army win the war and dealt a heavy blow to the late Jin army. This victory was a great stimulus to the Ming Dynasty.

In the past, although there were firearms such as the Buddha Lang machine in the Ming Dynasty, the technology was not mature enough, so it was difficult to gain the upper hand under the charge of the late Jin cavalry.

The Ming army, which tasted the sweetness, began to copy this weapon in large quantities. Because it was bought from westerners, it is also called "Red Yi Cannon". From the Apocalypse to the Chongzhen period, more than 1 red cannons were copied in the Ming Dynasty.

The power of this kind of artillery far exceeds that of the traditional artillery in China. Houjin suffered a big loss because of this. But they're not stupid. In order to win and survive, they must make improvements. Later Jin began to think of ways to get the red cannon from other places.

Huang taiji began to reorganize the Eight Banners Army and set up a new artillery unit under the Eight Banners of the Han Army. This has greatly improved the combat effectiveness of the Eight Banners Army. The Eight Banners Army is dominated by cavalry, supported by red cannons.

whether it's siege or field war, it's very helpful. After the Qing dynasty entered the customs, in order to pacify the world, artillery factories and fire pharmaceutical factories were set up in Beijing, which were handed over to the Military Bureau for unified management.

this situation continued until the Yongzheng period, when the rebellion in the mainland was put down. Apart from the frontier issue, Jiangshan has been stable. The development of firearms has reached its peak at this time.

At that time, the troops stationed in various places in the Qing Dynasty were all equipped with shotgun and artillery. However, it was during the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods that the Qing dynasty began to re-advocate the Manchu riding and shooting, and the bow, arrow, knife and gun were respected, and the research and development of firearms was stagnant.

85 kinds of gun names were promulgated in the "Rules of the Ministry of Industry and Industry" promulgated during the Qianlong period, but none of them were innovative. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, the Qing Dynasty reformed 16 guns, but the range was not as good as the old ones. It can be seen that the gun manufacturing technology had declined at that time.

So that by the time of the Opium War, after hundreds of years, the technology of manufacturing artillery, instead of making progress, was far behind. Directly led to the fiasco of the war.

this disregard for technology has become an important factor for the decline of the red cannon instead of improving its technology. According to the records of the Ming and Qing dynasties and the arguments of historians in previous dynasties, the maximum range of the red cannon should be within 1 miles.

however, there is no exact figure for this. Because within 1 miles belongs to the ideal range, in the actual effective range, the distance will be reduced due to problems such as venue, angle and gunpowder.

In the past, the production of artillery was highly confidential, and basically it could only be passed on by word of mouth between master and apprentice. There is no exact written record. As a result, many data are indeed missing. Therefore, some scholars now believe that the effective range of the red artillery is 2 miles.

some people think it's half a mile, or less than six miles. One mile is equal to 5 meters now. The maximum range of the red cannon should be 5 kilometers, and the effective range is about 25 meters to 3 kilometers.

The red cannon is a heavy-duty front-mounted smoothbore gun used in western Europe before the 19th century. To put it simply, after the gun is discharged, the flight path is easy to swing and it is not easy to hit too far. The quality of gunpowder is also unstable. There is a big gap with the artillery that can fire dozens of kilometers in western European countries in the late 19th century.

Although the red cannon has great shortcomings, it is not original technology. Although it can be copied, the principle of the core technology has always been a little knowledge. Of course, some people have been involved in the improvement of the red cannon.

however, in the big environment, everyone is very indifferent to technology. Even if someone is willing to improve, they can't get support and encouragement. Moreover, the longer the time, the more the original technologies will gradually disappear.

therefore, the westerners set a range of 1 Li at the beginning, and the people behind them did not break through. In the Qing dynasty, the technology of the red cannon remained basically the same as that of the Ming dynasty, and there was no chance to go to a higher level. So that in the late Qing dynasty, in order to increase the range, craftsmen only knew how to increase the weight of the artillery itself.

because various technologies are not in place. For example, the lack of technologies such as forging gun barrels and manufacturing gunpowder. The effect of this method is not obvious at all. In other words, there was no essential progress in technology in the Qing Dynasty.

Extended information:

In the 196s, Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau was able to produce large-scale front-mounted muskets ranging from 12 pounds to 32 pounds. By 1878, the British Armstrong 4-pound steel-bore line-bore gun could be produced, and the hot sleeve process was also adopted. In 188, it began to produce 8-pound and 12-pound giant Armstrong heavy guns.

This is a 15-caliber cannon, and the weight of the whole cannon has reached 4.5 tons. In 1886, 23 mm caliber and 18 lb Armstrong cannon were produced, and 56 guns were produced in one breath.

in 1888, the 9-inch Armstrong cannon also began to be produced in the Qing dynasty. It was a 25-pound shell with a rear-loaded barrel, and it used a hydraulic recoil elastic gun mount, and its weight reached 25 tons.

in p>189, Armstrong's 12-inch caliber super heavy artillery produced in Qing dynasty was a 35-mm caliber heavy artillery, which used 8 pounds of overweight shells and its total weight reached 5 tons.

It can penetrate an iron target with a thickness of 48mm. It is the heaviest and largest caliber cannon ever produced in China. As for the small tube-retreating 75mm mountain guns, Crewdson's 2-pound sub-frame is equipped with rifled guns, Armstrong's 12mm rapid-fire guns, 15mm Armstrong's fast-fire guns, and 23mm rifled guns can be produced in the Qing Dynasty, and the quantity is not small.

the Qing dynasty produced 3,9 cannons, and basically all of them were suppression artillery and heavy artillery. Although China also produced 15, guns during the Anti-Japanese War, they were all mortars. There were only 98 small guns, not even a 75mm mountain gun, not to mention heavy guns, rifles and machine guns. Even the Qing Dynasty began to produce light machine guns.

now, 1 years later, the Brazilian army is still using this type of light machine gun. This is the Madsen light machine gun! In 1891, the British Army had Ma Keqin, and in 1895, the Qing Dynasty began to equip domestic Maxim machine guns.

Baidu Encyclopedia-China Ancient Artillery