At the same time, the State Grid is also overweight the layout of charging piles, and the charging industry has been mentioned many times in the key tasks in 2020. The key task emphasizes: "Vigorously expand the special vehicle charging market and actively promote intelligent and orderly charging. The Internet of Vehicles platform is connected with 6,543.8+0,000 charging piles, covering more than 80% of the market and users.
Recently, it was learned from the State Grid e-commerce platform that the second phase of the State Grid electric vehicle charging pile equipment procurement project in 2020 has been started. This is the second tender of State Grid Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd. this year. The previous tender was the procurement project of building framework in 2020. Insiders of State Grid said that due to the disorderly construction of the charging pile industry, the construction and operation were not ideal. This year, State Grid Corporation of China has made great determination to dominate the construction layout of this round of charging piles, and more plans are expected to be announced in the next stage.
With the development of the new energy vehicle market, the charging pile market is growing rapidly. From 20 14 to 20 19, the number of charging piles in China experienced explosive growth from 30,000 to12190,000, of which cagr110%; Among them, the proportion of DC charging piles is about 16.2%, and the cumulative number of public DC charging piles reaches 283,000.
As an important foundation for the development of new energy automobile industry, the long-term lag of charging infrastructure will definitely hinder the growth of new energy automobile industry. After being recognized as an important part of the new infrastructure, the construction of charging piles will increase rapidly. At present, the ratio of vehicle to pile is about 6: 1. According to the planning of the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Communications, there are still about 2 million gaps in charging piles.
The large-scale restart of charging pile construction will become an important foundation for the further development of the new energy vehicle market and promote the sustained and rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry as a whole.
According to the functional division, the charging pile industry chain involves charging equipment manufacturers, charging construction operators and overall solution providers from construction to operation. These types of practitioners in the domestic charging industry chain often have overlapping identities and are involved in multiple functional fields at the same time. Some hardware manufacturers are also involved in pile construction operations. Among them, Guodian Nanrui, Xuji Group, Teruide, Autoxun and other equipment manufacturers, as well as BYD, Tesla and other electric vehicle manufacturers are the main bodies to promote the progress of charging technology.
After 20 14 private capital poured into the charging pile industry, although some business models have not brought stable income to enterprises at present, or stayed in the stage of experiment and theoretical discussion, these business ideas with internet thinking may eventually break out in the future, thus expanding the profit model and space of the charging pile industry.
At present, with the intervention of internet companies, technology companies, start-ups and many social capitals, China's charging pile industry has formed an industrial pattern in which state-owned, private and mixed ownership coexist.
The remaining operators began to speed up the construction of charging piles on 20 19 after the last reshuffle. In the field of charging pile operation, Teruide, Star Charging and State Grid rank among the top three in the industry. By the end of 20 19 and 10, there were 22 large-scale operators (the number of charging piles ≥ 1000), accounting for 99.5% of the number of charging piles. The top three are special calls, star charging and State Grid, accounting for 69.6%, and the top ten are 444,000, accounting for 93.0%. Among them, TELD (Teruide Subsidiary) is the largest charging pile operating company in China, with a leading market share and public piles accounting for 29%.
According to the revenue of charging pile equipment, the companies with relatively high market share at present include Guodian Nanrui, Teruide, Yishite and Wanma. After the State Grid starts the construction of charging piles on a large scale, the head enterprises will take the lead in benefiting.
From a regional perspective, the number of charging piles is basically positively correlated with the sales and possession of new energy vehicles. The top provinces are Guangdong, Jiangsu and Beijing. There are more than 50 thousand.
Charging pile is a special power equipment for charging electric vehicles, which consists of pile body, electrical module and metering module, and generally has the functions of electric energy metering, charging, communication and control. Charging piles are mainly installed in public buildings (public buildings, shopping malls, public parking lots, etc. ), the parking lot or charging station of the community. The input end is directly connected to the AC power grid, and the output end is equipped with a charging plug to charge the electric vehicle.
According to the charging method, it can be divided into DC pile and AC pile. Ac pile: commonly known as slow charging pile, it needs to be charged by car charger, which has low power and slow charging speed, but low cost, and is mostly used for residential charging piles. DC pile: commonly known as fast charging pile, it directly charges electric vehicles, with high power and fast charging speed, but the cost is higher.
According to GGII data, the average cost of DC charging piles is 0.8 yuan/W. Taking the current mainstream 60kW DC charging piles in the market as an example, its cost is about 50,000 yuan/piece. Among them, the cost of IGBT accounts for about 20%, and the proportion of DC piles in the statistics of historical charging piles is about 15%~ 18%, corresponding to the market size of China charging pile industry in 20 19 years of about 105 billion yuan; According to the forecast of China Charging Alliance, the market scale is expected to reach 680 million yuan in 2020.
The main components of the charging pile include charging module, main controller, step number detection module, smart meter, card swiping module, communication module, air switch, main relay and auxiliary power switch.
The threshold of charging module is relatively high. Listed companies involved in the manufacturing of charging piles are mainly power distribution, UPS, power supply systems and other manufacturers. The characteristics of these products are all related to AC DC conversion and power quality control, which are the same as the core technology of DC charging module.
Charging module manufacturers actually have the core advantages of DC charging pile manufacturing. The main gap between the products of various enterprises lies in the conversion efficiency of charging modules. At present, the conversion efficiency is mainly 94%-97%, which is at a high level. There is a slight gap in the technical level between enterprises, but generally speaking, the gap is not big.
Charging piles are also one of the driving forces for the growth of power semiconductors. According to Infineon's statistics, a 100kW charging pile needs power devices worth $ 200-300. At present, there are two kinds of core power modules of automobile charging piles: one is IGBT chip; The other is to use MOSFET chips.
The National Energy Administration proposed in the draft "Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Construction Plan" that by 2020, the number of domestic charging and replacing power stations will reach 1.2 million, and the number of charging piles will reach 4.5 million. According to the data of China Industrial Information Research Institute, it is estimated that by 2020, the domestic market scale of charging pile power devices will exceed 3.5 billion yuan.
High power and fast charging of charging piles is the trend. At present, the slow charging power is 7kW/ 14kW, and the unit price is in the thousand yuan level; Fast charge 30kW/60kW, unit price 1 ten thousand yuan; TeslaV2 power 120KW and V3 power 250KW in the future. The slow charging system is more composed of main engine factory, 4S shop and operation scene resources. Ordinary fast charging has operational obstacles, and the proportion of companies that can provide intelligent solutions will increase in the future.
Ultra-high power fast charging has technical barriers. At present, Tesla and onity have mastered this technology in the world, and the latter is the supplier of Porsche, BBA and other car companies.
In 20 19, Tesla has established 1604 super charging stations and1408 super charging piles all over the world, but in 20 17, there were only about 800 super charging stations and more than 5,000 charging piles, which nearly doubled in two years. In China, Tesla's charging network has covered more than 130 cities, with more than 1700 super charging piles and more than 2 1000 destination charging piles.
Thanks to China's electric vehicle charging pile planning, government subsidies and the rapid growth of new energy vehicle applications, China's new energy vehicle charging facilities industry is facing huge development space. With the acceleration of new infrastructure, the bidding construction of charging piles will return to the state grid, and the market share will be further concentrated in the head enterprises. Subsequent sites are also expected to continue or strengthen the previous charging pile subsidies, and the prosperity of the charging pile industry is gradually improving with the support of policies.
Read the in-depth industry research report and go to Yueqing think tank: www.767stock.com.
Wechat official account: Yueqing think tank selection