Wuping County is located in the southwestern part of Fujian Province, with latitude 24°47′-25°29′ north and longitude 115°51′-116°23' east. It has a total area of 2,635.2 square kilometers, and at the end of 2003 had a household population of 365,000, of which 68,600 were non-agricultural. Wuping dialect is spoken in western Fujian.

The People's Government of the county is located in Pingchuan Township. The county has 6 townships and 11 townships: Pingchuan Township, Zhongshan Township, Yanqian Township, Shifang Township, Zhongbao Township, Taoxi Township, Chenggang Township, Wan'an Township, Dongliu Township, Democracy Township, Xiaba Township, Zhongchixiang Township, Xiangdong Township, Wudong Township, Yongping Township, Xiangdian Township, and Dahuo Township.