1, what is big data
In 2012, the United Nations issued a white paper on big data, "Big Data for Development: Challenges & Opportunities", which explicitly
points out that the era of big data has come. The era of Big Data has arrived.
Big Data, as a new trend in information technology development, has a massive data scale (Volume), fast data flow (Vwlocity), diverse data types (Variety) and huge data value (Value). Through the analysis and mining of massive data, we can obtain huge product services and profound insights in an unprecedented way, providing a new way of thinking for us to understand life as well as the world, and realizing three major shifts in thinking: firstly, no longer relying on small-sample data, but all the data related to the phenomenon; secondly, no longer keen on the pursuit of precision at the micro level, but insights at the macro level ; and three is freed from the traditional pursuit of causality, focusing on the discovery and application of correlation.
Big data is not just a technology, but also a capability, i.e. the ability to find meaningful associations from massive and complex data, to mine the pattern of change of things, and to accurately predict the development trend of things.
2. Connotation of big data in education
Big data in education refers to big data in the field of education, i.e., the entire process of educational activities, as well as according to the educational needs of the collection of all the data used for the development of education and the creation of a huge potential value of data collection.
Educational big data is generated directly from various educational activities (including teaching activities, management activities, research activities, campus activities, etc.), and each educational stakeholder is both a producer and a consumer of educational data. Educational big data has a clear goal of pointing to the development of education, and can play an effective role in improving the quality of education, promoting educational fairness, realizing personalized learning, optimizing the allocation of educational resources, and assisting in scientific decision-making in education.
3. Characteristics of big data in education
Compared with big data in the fields of e-commerce, transportation, healthcare, and finance and insurance, big data in education has the following characteristics:
The collection of big data in education presents a high degree of complexity;
The application of big data in education requires a high degree of creativity;
Big data in education not only focuses on correlation, but also emphasizes causality;
Big data in education not only focuses on correlation, but also emphasizes causality.
4. Layered Architecture of Educational Big Data
In order to have a clearer picture of educational big data, it is divided into
five layers of architecture based on the source and scope of educational data, as shown in the following figure:
5. Volume of Educational Big Data
The IT industry generally believes that big data refers to data with a volume above the Tb level or a volume above the Tb level, or a volume above the Tb level. Tb?level or more or entries in the million level or more data. In fact, big data is a concept relative to small data; big data is not equivalent to a large amount of data, but highlights the cross-fertilization of cross-domain data and the growth of data flow.
The editorial board of the White Paper on Big Data Development in China's Basic Education estimated the volume of data in a year at the basic education level. The dimensions and benchmark values of the basic education big data volume estimation are shown in Figure ?1?, including the estimation of basic information data of teachers and students, class tests and assignments, campus factual data, and curriculum resources data.
Figure?1?Dimensions and benchmark values of big data volume estimation in basic education
Figure?2?Results of big data volume estimation in basic education (one year)
It can be said with certainty that there is real big data in the education field in China, no matter whether the volume requirements of big data are specified in terms of ?Eb? or ?Pb? magnitude.
6, the value of big data in education
(1) the value of the strategic layer
① big data in education is an intangible strategic asset, is an unlimited exploitation of the "gold mine", the full excavation and application is the only way to realize the data "assets" value-added;
(2) the value of big data in education is the only way to realize the data "assets" value-added. "
② education reform should have the courage, but also have a scientific basis, education big data is to promote the comprehensive deepening of reform in the field of education scientific power;
③ education big data convergence, storage of information assets in the field of education, is the most important basis for the development of intelligent education.
(2) Application layer value
① Carry out data-driven educational decision-making, realize intelligent control of educational equipment and environment, and enhance the ability of educational crisis prevention and safety management;
② Continuously optimize teaching and learning, assist teachers to carry out accurate teaching, and assist students to realize personalized learning;
③ Promote educational evaluation from "empiricism" to "wisdom". empiricism" to "dataism", from "macro-group evaluation" to "micro-individual evaluation", from "single evaluation" to "micro-individual evaluation", and from "single evaluation" to "single evaluation".
④ The reasonable, legal, effective, and innovative application of educational data has given rise to more and more diversified and intelligent educational services;
⑤ The research paradigm of social sciences has moved from the sampling mode to the sampling mode. ⑤ Promote the research paradigm of social sciences from the sampling mode to the full-sample mode, making social sciences a real empirical science.
The ultimate value of big data in education should be reflected in the deep integration with the mainstream business of education and the continuous promotion of intelligent changes in the education system. At present, there are already some innovative application cases of education big data at home and abroad, covering teaching, management, evaluation, service and other aspects.
References
The technical system framework and development trend of big data in education - the overall framework of "Big Data in Education Research and Practice Column"? Yang Xianmin
Application Mode and Policy Recommendations of Big Data in Education? Yang Xianmin