I. International open source situation
Open source software has become a powerful driving force for the development of global information technology with an open, shared and collaborative new production mode. After more than 20 years of development, digital infrastructures such as Linux, MySQL, Hadoop, Kubernets, TensorFlow, React and VS Code have emerged, and open source digital ecosystems such as code, data, developers and community norms have been formed.
GitHub is the most important open source collaboration platform in the world. By the end of 20021,GitHub had more than 73 million global users, and China ranked second. * * * had 7.55 million developers, accounting for 14% of active contributors. According to GitHub statistics, China's source code contribution has jumped to the second place in the world. Companies such as Huawei have made great contributions to the international open source community. Companies such as Huawei, Tencent and Alibaba have become platinum members of international mainstream open source foundations such as Linux Foundation and Apache Software Foundation. According to Github's domestic open source project statistics, among them, PingCAP is outstanding in the Top 20 project, there are two open source Top 10 projects in Ali and two deep learning platforms in Paddle.
Second, the status quo and shortcomings of domestic open source
In recent years, open source has flourished in China. At present, the proportion of enterprises using open source technology in China is 88.2%, including 89% in the Internet of Things industry, 84% in the manufacturing and network security fields, and 82% in the mobile application software, education technology, medical health and marketing technology industries. Using open source technology has become the mainstream.
According to the statistics of China ICT Institute, 46. 1% of domestic enterprises choose Github operated by the United States for code hosting, and 32.8% choose Gitee as the domestic platform for code hosting.
Software open source is still in the early stage of development in China. There are many problems in domestic open source: first, the community is small and scattered, so it is difficult to concentrate on doing great things and break the monopoly of foreign open source technology. Second, the supporting mechanisms such as intellectual property protection, independent open source agreements, software quality management and code security detection are not perfect, and the open source community governance and sustainable operation capabilities are insufficient. Third, the online cooperation mechanism, community incentive mechanism and benefit sharing mechanism are not perfect. Fourth, open source projects are mainly concentrated in traditional basic software fields such as operating systems and databases, and there are no open source projects in artificial intelligence, big data and cloud computing.
Third, risk analysis.
International mainstream open source foundations, open source projects and most open source licenses are born in the United States or controlled by American companies, and can be closed at any time due to the needs of the controlling party. In August, 2020, DockerEE and DockerHub, open source softwares for cloud platforms, were banned from use by institutions listed on the entity list due to US policies. CentOS 8, an open source operating system owned by Red Hat, announced that it would stop updating its service at the end of 20021,which had a great impact on many domestic industries.
During the Russian-Ukrainian war, GitHub began to block Russian developer accounts of companies sanctioned by the United States, including accounts of Russian banks and other companies, as well as accounts of individual developers.
Google's open source software Android operating system is banned by Huawei, even though Huawei has contributed a lot to the Android operating system.
You must be very careful when raising chickens and laying eggs in other people's farms or putting your own chickens in other people's farms.
Fourth, China's countermeasures for open source software
202 1, open source was written into the "14th Five-Year Plan" for the first time. The Plan clearly supports the development of innovative consortia such as digital technology open source community, and promotes the implementation of open source strategy in relevant national ministries, local governments and some core areas. Select and plan major basic open source projects in the fields of system software, open source chips, basic tool software, intelligent manufacturing, big data, cloud computing, industrial internet, and next generation communication networks. Local governments support software open source in policy and business, and implement various supports such as funds, venues, talent subsidies, and identification of high-tech enterprises.
Strengthen open source education in colleges and universities. Incorporate the knowledge of open source software into the construction of computer-related disciplines, construct and form an open source knowledge system and culture, and cultivate high-level open source software talents for the open source software industry in China.
Study and formulate laws and regulations suitable for the development of open source software industry, and protect the legitimate rights and interests in the ecological process of open source industry.
In June 2020, China Open Atomic Open Source Foundation was formally established. The donated projects include HarmonyOS system donated by Huawei, Euler, dragon lizard donated by Ali and ZNBase donated by Inspur. Open source software is booming in China.