Digitalization: from computerization to data
Digitalization refers to the technological way of storing, transmitting, processing, handling, and applying information carriers (text, pictures, images, signals, and so on) in digitally encoded form (usually binary). Digitization itself refers to the way information is represented and processed, but essentially emphasizes the computerization and automation of information applications. Dataization (data is an information carrier in coded form, all data are digital) includes digitization, but also emphasizes the collection, aggregation, analysis and application of data, and strengthens the production factors and productivity functions of data. Digitization is developing from computerization to data, which is one of the most important trends in the current social informatization.
The core connotation of datatization is the profound understanding and deep utilization of big data generated by the intermingling of information technology revolution and economic and social activities. Big data is a fragmented record of the social economy, the real world, management decisions, etc., containing fragmented information. With the breakthroughs in analyzing and computing technologies, it is possible to interpret these fragmented information, which makes big data a new high-tech, a new type of scientific research paradigm, and a new way of decision-making. Big data has profoundly changed the way of human thinking and production and life style, bringing unprecedented opportunities to management innovation, industrial development, scientific discovery and other fields.
The value generation of big data has its own inherent laws (obeying the principle of big data). Only by y recognizing and mastering these laws can we improve the awareness and ability to consciously and scientifically use big data (big data thinking). The value of big data is mainly realized through big data technology. Big data technology is the extension and development of statistical methods, computer technology, artificial intelligence technology, and is a developing technology, and the current hot directions include: blockchain technology, interoperability technology, storage and computing integrated storage and management technology, big data operating system, big data programming language and execution environment, big data foundation and core algorithms, big data machine learning technology, big data intelligent technology, visualization and human-computer interaction analysis technology, authenticity determination and security technology. The development of big data technology relies on the solution of some major fundamental issues, which include: the statistical foundation of big data and the theoretical foundation of computation, the hardware and software foundation of big data computation and computational methods, and the authenticity determination of big data inference.
Implementing the national big data strategy is an important way to promote the data-based revolution. Since 2015, when China proposed the implementation of the national big data strategy, the pattern of rapid development of big data in China has been initially formed, but there are some urgent problems to be solved: data opening **** enjoyment is lagging behind, and the dividends of data resources are still not fully released; the enterprise profit model is unstable, and the integrity of the industrial chain is insufficient; the core technology has not yet made a major breakthrough, and the technical level of the relevant applications is not high; security management and There are still loopholes in security management and privacy protection, and the construction of relevant systems is still not perfect; etc. At present, effective measures should be taken to solve the constraints on data resources. At present, effective measures should be taken to solve the bottlenecks restricting the development of big data in China.
Networking: from the Internet to the information-physical system
As the public **** infrastructure of informatization, the Internet has become the main way for people to obtain information, exchange information and consume information. However, the Internet is concerned only with the interconnection between people and the resulting interconnection of services and services.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a natural extension and expansion of the Internet, which connects a variety of objects to the network through information technology to help people access relevant information about the objects they need. By using information collection devices such as radio frequency identification, sensors, infrared sensors, video surveillance, global positioning systems, laser scanners, etc., the Internet of Things connects objects to the Internet through wireless sensing networks and wireless communication networks, realizing real-time information exchange and communication between objects and people, in order to achieve the purpose of intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management. The Internet realizes the interconnection between people and people, services and services, while the Internet of Things realizes the cross-interconnection between people, things and services. The core technologies of IoT include: sensor technology, wireless transmission technology, massive data analysis and processing technology, upper layer business solutions, and security technology. The development of the Internet of Things will go through a relatively long period of time, but may be the first breakthrough in the application of specific areas, the Internet of cars, industrial Internet, unmanned systems, smart homes, etc. are the current Internet of Things to show their skills in the field.
The Internet of Things mainly solves the problem of human perception of the physical world, and to solve the problem of manipulation of physical objects must further develop the information physical system (CPS). Information Physical System is a multi-dimensional complex system that integrates computing, network and physical environment, which realizes real-time perception, dynamic control and information service for large-scale engineering systems through the organic fusion and deep collaboration of 3C (Computer, Communication, Control) technologies. Through the human-computer interaction interface, the information physics system realizes the interaction between the computing process and the physical process, and uses the networked space to manipulate a physical entity in a remote, reliable, real-time, safe and collaborative way. In essence, an infophysical system is a network with control properties.
Different from the public infrastructure that provides information interaction and application, the focus of infophysical system development is on the research and development of networked physical device systems that y integrate perception, computation, communication and control capabilities. From the industrial point of view, the scope of infophysical systems ranges from small intelligent home networks to large industrial control systems and even intelligent transportation systems and other national and even world-class applications. More importantly, this coverage does not simply connect existing devices together, but will give rise to a multitude of devices with computing, communication, control, collaboration and autonomy performance, the next generation of industry will be built on information physical systems. With the development and popularization of information-physical system technology, physical devices using computers and networks to achieve functionality expansion will be ubiquitous and promote the upgrading of industrial products and technologies, greatly improving the competitiveness of major industrial fields such as automotive, aerospace, defense, industrial automation, healthcare equipment, and major infrastructures. Information physical systems will not only give rise to new industries, but will even reshape the existing industrial landscape.