As the name suggests, IoT is the Internet of Things. This has two meanings: one, the core and foundation of the Internet of Things is still the Internet, which is an extended and expanded network on the basis of the Internet; and two, its user end extends and expands to any item to item for information exchange and communication, that is, things are connected to each other.

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a huge network formed by combining with the Internet through a variety of information sensing devices, real-time collection of all kinds of information needed for any object or process that needs to be monitored, connected, or interacted with. Its purpose is to realize the connection of things to things, things to people, and all items to the network for easy identification, management and control.

According to the definition of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the Internet of Things (IoT) mainly addresses the interconnections between things to things (Thing to Thing, T2T), people to things (Human to Thing, H2T), and people to people (Human to Human, H2H).

Also, the IoT architecture can be divided into three layers: sensing layer, network layer and application layer.

The perception layer consists of various sensors, including temperature and humidity sensors, QR code tags, RFID tags and readers, cameras, infrared, GPS, and other perception terminals. The perception layer is the source of IoT to recognize objects and collect information.

The network layer consists of various networks, including the Internet, broadband networks, network management systems and cloud computing platforms, etc. It is the hub of the entire IoT and is responsible for transmitting and processing the information acquired by the perception layer.

The application layer is the interface between IoT and users, which combines with industry needs to realize the intelligent application of IoT.