Functions and operations of the distribution center
Logistics distribution center information management is to complete the distribution center functions and operations for the purpose of realizing the logistics distribution of the basic work. At the same time, logistics distribution center information management is subject to its functions and operations.
Functions of the distribution center
The distribution center not only has the function of supporting and guaranteeing the logistics activities, but also has the function of connecting the whole supply chain and making the whole supply chain activities efficient. Distribution center functions include:
＊Warehousing and storage function
＊Commodity distribution function
＊Commodity circulation and processing function
＊Information provision function
1.Warehousing and storage function
After the completion of the commodity transaction, in addition to the direct delivery of all commodities will go through the warehousing, storage and circulation processing. Packaging out of the warehouse, so the distribution center needs to have the function of warehousing and storage. Warehouse storage function is divided into tangible warehouse management operations and intangible inventory management operations:
(1) Warehouse management operations. Including commodities from warehousing to warehousing between loading and unloading, handling, circulation processing, storage area planning and all related operations with commodity practices, equipment, human resources and other operations. One of the warehouse operations to consider the scheduled storage data input; storage manufacturers, car scheduling (i.e., only the use of Taiwan scheduling); storage of goods loading and unloading planning; storage of goods inspection; storage of goods data input; goods moved to the shelves of the handling tools and manpower planning, location instructions and management, and so on. The operation content of goods in storage state includes the adjustment of goods position, transportation, inventory quantity counting, inventory tracking and other functions. Orders in the determination of the scheduled date, the goods must be prompted out of the warehouse, in accordance with customer requirements to be categorized, packaging, circulation processing. This includes picking batch planning; circulation processing and packaging batch planning; picking list, packing list, circulation processing list printing and distribution work; picking, packing, circulation processing replenishment scheduling and planning; replenishment list printing and distribution work; picking list, packing list, circulation processing list data input; shipping documents printing; shipping commodities in the shipping area stacking and so on. Distribution center if the use of automatic machinery and equipment, the need for automatic machinery and equipment and control computers between the transmission of information, conversion and control systems; packaging containers need to be a combination of container selection system, goods loading and unloading of pallets need to be placed on the planning system and other items. Also need to include warehouse planning and layout system, such as the planning of the storage area, if a large number of shipments, pallet shipments only need to be classified according to the storage area of the goods stored; and if the shipment or storage unit is more complex, it is necessary to plan according to the different units of the storage of several cargo areas, and then according to the region of the crystal consistency classified storage, in order to facilitate the picking, which need to be included in the inventory area planning and management system. Some distribution centers because of the various varieties of different storage units and need to use the Taiwan and pallet operation, it is necessary to do in the warehouse to merge the pallet registration, out of the warehouse to track the picking operation; in the circulation of the processing area, packaging area, picking area planning and layout, but also according to the characteristics of the equipment required for various operations, saving manpower handling, to facilitate the manpower picking to the planning of the equipment placement, operation of the manpower configuration and the operation of the system of the development and so on. The system is designed in accordance with the characteristics of the equipment required for each operation and the convenience of labor picking.
(2) Inventory management operations. In addition to the actual operation of goods in and out of the warehouse, changes in the amount of inventory shows the backlog of funds in the distribution center, and the accuracy of the amount of goods in and out of the inventory also affects the amount of inventory loss, so the distribution center needs to do a good job of inventory management. Its operations include product classification, economic procurement lot size and ordering point of time to determine, inventory counting operations, commodity turnover rate analysis and space utilization analysis.
2. Distribution function
Commodity picking and packaging processing, need to be sent by the transportation equipment to the hands of the customer, so the distribution of goods need to include the dispatch plan and shipping route selection, loading scheduling. Among them, the dispatch plan includes the batch of goods required to ship the distribution of vehicle varieties and number of computer management system should include a route selection system to determine the order of distribution, loading personnel can also be based on the order of loading of goods. In addition, it is also necessary to develop the distribution status of the distribution of information transmission, so that in the distribution of goods on the way to the tracking of goods, delivery equipment monitoring and management and the handling of unforeseen situations.
3. Circulation processing function
Circulation processing operations in distribution centers include sorting, weighing, unpacking and repacking of large packages, combining packages, trademarks, labels, and so on. In order to adapt to the needs of these operations, the design of computer management systems can include tools, equipment, manpower selection and dispatch system, the combination of goods with the selection system, the selection of packaging containers system, packaging method planning and design system.
4. Information provision function
Distribution centers in addition to import and export, circulation processing, storage and custody functions, but also for the distribution center to provide a variety of information for the distribution center management policy development, commodity route development, merchandising and promotion of goods sales policy development to provide reference. The system can provide the following three kinds of information: performance management, business planning, distribution resource planning.
(1) Provide reference basis for the management of business performance and the formulation of various management policies. Evaluation of performance can include: merchandise sales performance management, operational processing performance management, warehouse storage efficiency management, distribution efficiency management, machinery and equipment use management. The information provided is as follows:
① Commodity sales performance management. Including:
＊Calculation of commodity gross profit.
*Commodity turnover rate, turnaround time calculation
*Total sales of goods statistics
*All kinds of commodities accounted for the ratio of business volume
*All kinds of commodities total sales profit distribution ratio
*Return order statistics
*Return amount and the ratio of the total amount of sales analysis
*Returned merchandise and the number of sales merchandise comparative analysis
*Returned merchandise and sales merchandise Comparative analysis of the number of
＊Returned goods ranking
＊Returns cause analysis
② Job processing performance management. Including:
＊Operator sales volume statistics.
＊Operators responsible for the ratio of incoming orders to the amount of returned orders analyzed.
*An analysis of the ratio of bad debt and sales amount of operators.
*An analysis of the length of the payment period of the operator.
*Analysis of the error rate of order processors.
*Order processing staff daily order processing data statistics.
*Shipping staff error rate analysis.
*Daily order processing statistics for shipping staff.
＊Customer contact cost statistics (including telephone charges, network rental fees).
③ Warehouse storage efficiency management. Including:
* storage capacity efficiency (storage capacity and warehouse capacity ratio).
＊Channel, cargo handling capacity ratio (channel + cargo handling capacity and the number of people handling cargo).
＊Capacity handling ratio per person per month (ratio of monthly outgoing, incoming, and storage capacity to the number of people handling goods).
＊Storage efficiency analysis (ratio of inventory amount to warehouse area).
＊Inventory turnover ratio (ratio of turnover to average inventory amount).
＊Inventory Monthly Difference Ratio (Ratio of end-of-month inventory in peak months to end-of-month inventory in trough months).
＊Contract Warehouse Utilization Ratio (Ratio of owned, consigned, and leased warehouse space used to total warehouse space).
＊Charge per unit (charge per unit of goods in and out of storage).
＊Assessment of the productivity of incoming personnel (ratio of the amount of incoming goods to the number of man-days invested).
*High and low peak ratio of warehouse capacity utilization.
＊Out-of-stock rate (ratio of out-of-stock orders to shipments).
④ Distribution efficiency management. Including:
＊Distribution volume per unit of time.
＊Empty car rate (empty car traveling distance and distribution of the total distance ratio).
＊Conveyance rate (the ratio of loaded weight X distance traveled to the vehicle's loadable weight ╳ distance traveled).
＊Load Ratio (Ratio of loaded weight to loadable weight).
＊Delivery Times Management (Ratio of total delivery stores to delivery times).
⑤ Machinery and equipment utilization management. Including:
＊Terminal utilization rate (total time of loading and unloading stops for incoming trucks versus the number of terminals per month ╳ working days ╳ working hours per day).
＊Terminal Peak Rate: Peak Vehicle Number / Monthly Terminal Number.
＊Handling Equipment Utilization Rate (Total Handling Equipment Usage Time / Total Working Hours in the Month).
＊Commodity scrap rate from distribution processing.
*Packaging container utilization rate.
＊Container damage rate.
＊Machinery and equipment damage rate analysis (machinery and equipment damage repair time/total available time).
(2)
Provides a reference for the scale of distribution center operations. The information generated by various physical distribution activities and operations is sufficient to provide a reference for business scale personnel, including the current rate of utilization of machinery and equipment and the use of demand ratio to consider the possibility of using automated machinery and equipment, rental analysis and the cost-effectiveness of their use; from the analysis of the existing sales volume of goods or customer demand for goods to regulate the possibility of analysis of the variety of goods or the development of new goods; from the existing manpower The allocation and use of existing manpower to formulate future human resource plans; reference to own car, rental car company's costs and the number of cars available, the number of manpower can be deployed and other outsourced vehicles, to measure the ratio of owned cars, rental cars and the costs required to formulate the leasing regulations; statistical analysis of the existing activities required to be used as a basis for cost control of freight costs, storage costs, expenditure budgets and so on.
(3) Provide reference for the distribution resource planning of multi-depot distribution centers. Including multi-store distribution center product line planning analysis, multi-store transfer plan and implementation, human resources planning and configuration, analysis of the demand for machinery and equipment, the actual distribution of operational planning.