City name: Chengde (chéngdé)

Province:: Hebei

City area code: 0314

City postal code: 067000

City location: Chengde City is located at 115°54′~119°15′ east longitude and 40°11′~42°40′ north latitude. It is in the transition zone connecting North China and Northeast China, close to Beijing and Tianjin. Backed by Inner Mongolia and Liaoning Province, the province is adjacent to the two coastal cities of Qinhuangdao and Tangshan and Zhangjiakou City.

Urban division: Chengde City has 3 municipal districts, 5 counties, and 3 autonomous counties.

Other information:

City introduction:

Overview

The city covers an area of ??39,519 square kilometers, including Jingcheng, Jincheng, Jingcheng and Jingcheng. There are four railway lines, Tongcheng and Chenglong, with a main line extension of 632 kilometers. There are 5 national trunk highways, with a highway mileage of 5,358 kilometers, and a total population of more than 3.6 million people. Chengde is rich in resources and famous for its natural scenery and historical sites. Chengde's economic development focuses on giving full play to its three major advantages: tourism, resources and location. The Chengde Municipal People's Government is located on the Wulie River in Shuangqiao District, 435 kilometers away from the provincial capital Shijiazhuang and 256 kilometers away from Beijing.

Chengde, formerly known as "Rehe", is located in the northeast of Hebei Province. It is one of the first 24 national historical and cultural cities, one of China's top ten scenic spots, one of the top 40 tourist attractions, and a national key scenic spot. National Class A open city. In 1994, the Summer Resort and its surrounding temples in Chengde City were approved by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage, thus making Chengde one of the world's cultural cities.

Geographical location

Chengde City is located at 115°54′~119°15′ east longitude and 40°11′~42°40′ north latitude. It is at the connection between North China and Northeast China. The transition zone is close to Beijing and Tianjin, with Mongolia and Liaoning as its back. The province is adjacent to the two coastal cities of Qinhuangdao and Tangshan and Zhangjiakou City.

Chengde is a municipality under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province. It is located in the northeast of Hebei Province, at the intersection of Luanhe River and Wulie River. The southwest is 230 kilometers away from the capital Beijing and 540 kilometers away from the provincial capital Shijiazhuang. It borders the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the north, Liaoning Province to the east, Zhangjiakou City to the west, Beijing and Tianjin to the southwest, and Qinhuangdao City and Tangshan City to the southeast. The maximum horizontal distance from east to west is 280 kilometers, and the maximum vertical distance from north to south is 268 kilometers. The total area under its jurisdiction is 39,548 square kilometers.

Administrative divisions

The city governs eight counties and three districts, namely Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County, Fengning Manchu Autonomous County, Longhua County, Luanping County, Pingquan County, Chengde County, Kuan Cheng Manchu Autonomous County, Xinglong County, Shuangqiao District, Shuangluan District, Yingshouyingzi Mining Area.

In 2005, Chengde City governed 3 municipal districts, 5 counties, and 3 autonomous counties.

Chengde City covers an area of ??39,519 square kilometers and has a population of 3.61 million (2004).

Shuangqiao District covers an area of ??311 square kilometers and has a population of 290,000. Postal code 067000.

Shuangluan District covers an area of ??250 square kilometers and has a population of 100,000. Postal code 067100.

Yingshouyingzi Mining Area covers an area of ??148 square kilometers and has a population of 70,000. Postal code 067200.

Chengde County has an area of ??3,990 square kilometers and a population of 470,000. Postal code 067400.

Xinglong County covers an area of ??3,116 square kilometers and has a population of 320,000. Postal code 067300.

Pingquan County has an area of ??3,297 square kilometers and a population of 470,000. Postal code 067500.

Luanping County covers an area of ??3,195 square kilometers and has a population of 320,000. Postal code 068250.

Longhua County covers an area of ??5,474 square kilometers and has a population of 420,000. Postal code 068150.

Fengning Manchu Autonomous County covers an area of ??8,747 square kilometers and has a population of 380,000. Postal code 068350.

Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County covers an area of ??1,933 square kilometers and has a population of 230,000. Postal code 067600.

Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County covers an area of ??9,058 square kilometers and has a population of 520,000. Postal code 068450.

* The divisional place name information here is as of December 2005; the area and population data are based on the "Administrative Division Manual of the People's Republic of China (2006)", and the population is as of the end of 2004. *

Population

The total population is 3.64 million, of which 40% are from ethnic minorities; the agricultural population is 2.67 million, accounting for 73%.

Climate and Irrigation

Chengde is located in the transition zone between the Inner Mongolia Plateau and the North China Plain. It has a temperate continental monsoon mountain climate with four distinct seasons.

Although the winter is cold, the temperature is higher than other areas at the same latitude because it is surrounded by mountains, which blocks the cold current from the Mongolian Plateau. The summer is cool, the rainfall is concentrated, and there is basically no hot period.

History Culture

Historical Background

Chengde has a long history. As early as the Neolithic Age at the end of primitive society, our ancestors worked and lived on this land. The rich historical relics such as stone axes, net pendants, and pottery hats found here are the relics of their working and living life here. During the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, this was the area where the Shanxu and Donghu ethnic minorities lived, and it was the sphere of influence of the Marquis of Yan. Several Western Zhou bronze vessels were unearthed in Haidaoyingzi Village, Lingyuan County, about 150 kilometers east of Chengde City. During the Warring States Period, the Chengde area belonged to the three counties of Yuyang Youbeirun and Liaoxi established by the Yan State. "Historical Records. "The Biography of the Xiongnu" records that the Yan State once built the Great Wall in this area, and the ruins of the Great Wall can still be vaguely seen. In particular, the discovery of the famous Xinglong agricultural tool iron model shows that agricultural production in this area was quite developed at that time. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the central governments of all dynasties have set up administrative agencies here. In the long history, the economic and culture of the Han, Xiongnu, Wuhuan, Xianbei, Kumoxi, Khitan, Turkic-Mongolian and other ethnic groups here have further developed.

After the Qing Dynasty, Rehe’s geographical location has become increasingly important. It is adjacent to Beijing and Tianjin, Zhangjiakou to the west, Liaoning to the east, Inner Mongolia to the north, Qinhuangdao and Tangshan to the south. It is the hinterland of Yanshan and an important coast of the Bohai Sea. regional cities. Because the climate, products and other natural conditions here are unique, it can not only relieve summer heat, but also contact Mongolia and consolidate border defenses. Therefore, the Qing emperor began to build a summer resort in the 42nd year of Kangxi (1703) until the 57th year of Qianlong (1792). Year), the project was completed. After the villa was established, seven emperors of the Qing Dynasty stayed here. During the Kang and Qian years of the Qing Dynasty, the Villa and the Eight Outer Temples flourished. The emperors spent their summers and governed here, making it the second political center in the country. As the power of the Qing Dynasty weakened, the villa and the Eight Outer Temples that were once prosperous began to decline. In 1976, the State Council approved the "First Ten-Year Plan for the Renovation Project of the Summer Resort and the Eight Outer Temples", which enabled the large-scale renovation of the Summer Resort and the Eight Outer Temples.

Cultural Characteristics

The history of Chengde, also known as Rehe, has specific regional culture and profound heritage. Chengde is the birthplace of Jurassic World creatures hundreds of millions of years ago, and it is also the most important part of Chengde’s historical heritage.

Hongshan Culture Site "Hongshan Culture" is the history and culture of the Neolithic Age in the Rehe area and has been in existence for more than 5,000 years. During the transformation of clan society in the late Neolithic period, the nomadic peoples moved from the Mongolian plateau along the rivers to the plains to transition to farming life. They all once passed through the Jehol Zone, which is a turning point in human evolution and development. This period should be called the Yanshan culture, and together with the Zhao culture, it became the main historical culture of Hebei.

As a famous historical and cultural city in China, Chengde has been the capital for two hundred years in modern history. It has been the seat of kings and ministers from all ethnic groups. There are now the Summer Resort and the Eight Outer Temples, one of the three major ancient building complexes in China. Concentrating royal culture, ancient architectural culture, Buddhist culture and Central Plains Confucian culture, it is a treasure trove of treasures favored by Chinese people and people in the industry. Recently, a primary street stall market has been established, and the Chengde Antique City has been established. The Municipal Collectors Association and the Ethnic Folklore Museum have jointly planned the Rehe Antique City at the former site of Rehe Dutong Prefecture, which also includes an art supermarket.

Folk art industry Intangible cultural heritage has been included in the world's key cultural protection issues. Our city's ancient architectural culture, Buddhist culture, Central Plains Confucian culture, multi-ethnic folk customs, and natural resources constitute a treasure trove of intangible cultural heritage resources.

While excavating, organizing and protecting cultural heritage resources, effectively utilizing and expanding them into industrialized effects is another important part of the cultural industry. Chengde City has become famous in recent years for Fengning Teng's cloth paintings, Cui Xiaoli's copper chiseling, sculptures, Li Zhongkui's wood carvings, Zhang Dongge folk decorative paintings, clay figurines, root carvings, bamboo weaving, walnut carvings, as well as nationally renowned photography, painting, calligraphy and other categories. There are a large number of heavyweight artists and their works. Supporting the creation and marketization of literary artists is an important way for the development of Chengde's cultural industry.

Paper-cutting industry Paper-cutting is the heritage of traditional family culture and national art in Chengde region. It is spread throughout all counties and districts in Chengde, especially Fengning paper-cutting is the most famous. In 1992, it was named the "Hometown of Chinese Paper-cutting" by the Ministry of Culture; in 2005, it was included in the first list of China's intangible cultural heritage; a special album "Old Mrs. Wang's Paper-cutting" was published; Hebei Province organized some artists to perform abroad; and A number of arts and crafts artist titles were named. However, it is not operated as an industry, which lags behind the development of art. Compared with the paper-cutting industry in Yu County, Zhangjiakou, there is a big gap.

Urban planning layout and scale

Goal: Optimize the allocation of business resources and build Chengde into a city based in northeastern Hebei, facing Beijing, Tianjin and Tang Dynasty, and radiating to Mongolia, Liaoning and North China. Commercial circulation center.

The preparation of "Chengde City Commercial Network Planning" began in August 2004.

The planned planning period is from 2005 to 2015. The planned spatial scope is Shuangqiao District, Shuangluan District and Xin District. The planned business scope includes supermarkets, convenience stores, large supermarkets, warehouse stores, professional stores, specialty stores, department stores, Eight types of retail formats, including large shopping malls, are planned, including wholesale and retail trade companies, professional markets, farmers' markets, logistics companies, star hotels and catering companies.

From the perspective of the entire "Plan", Chengde urban area will form a functional zoning layout with "the new district as the forerunner, Shuangqiao District as the basis, and Shuangluan District and the Chengbei Tourism and Cultural District as the support". The three-level commercial market system framework of municipal commercial centers, district-level commercial centers, and residential area commercial centers focuses on the construction of new business formats such as shopping malls and convenience stores, as well as commercial characteristic streets, as well as large-scale professional markets and logistics enterprises. 8 streets will be built Characteristic commercial streets: Xinhua Road (commerce and service street), Qingfeng Street (commercial and cultural corridor), Shaanxi Ying Street (leisure and entertainment street), Yuhua Road (boutique street), Wulie Road (culture and leisure street), Sitiao Hutong (electronic and Communication Products Street), Puning Road (Tourism, Culture and Commercial Street), Luanhe Ancient Street (Folk Customs, Commercial and Cultural Pedestrian Street). At the same time, it is planned to build the Chengde International Conference Center, which will be built according to the mountain villa and integrated into the mountain villa, becoming an extension of the landscape of the summer resort. In the district-level commercial center layout, the north of Shangerdaohezi to Xiaomiaozi Reservoir is planned and constructed as a tourist and cultural area; the new area is planned to be constructed as the financial and business district of the Airport New District, the cultural service area of ??Fengyingzi area, and Shangban District. Logistics parks in urban areas. The business plan of Shuangluan District is to form a pattern of "one core and two belts" with "the district-level commercial center as the core, Shuangtashan Street and Luanhe Street as the two extensions, and logistics as the support". Through planning, Chengde will form an urban commercial network system with reasonable layout and structure, complete functions, unified, open, competitive and orderly, making Chengde City a city based in northern Hebei, facing Beijing, Tianjin and Tang Dynasty, and radiating to Mongolia, Liaoning and North China. Commercial circulation center.

Industry and Transportation

Resources

Chengde is rich in resources. There are four major water systems in the territory: Luanhe River, Chaohe River, Liaohe River and Daling River, with an annual water production of 3.76 billion cubic meters. It is an important water supply source for Beijing, Tianjin and Tang Dynasty (accounting for 93.4% of the total annual water inflow of Panjiakou Reservoir, Miyun Reservoir 56.7% of the total water entering the reservoir). The forest area accounts for 43.4% of Hebei Province, the grassland area accounts for 40%, and the forest coverage rate is 48%. Chengde is the largest edible fungi production base in North China and an important traditional Chinese medicinal material production base in North China. At present, 98 kinds of minerals have been discovered and 50 kinds have been developed and utilized. It is the only large-scale vanadium-titanium magnetite resource base in my country except Panzhihua. The proven vanadium-titanium magnetite resource reserves are 357 million tons. Ultra-poor vanadium-titanium magnets Mineral resources are 7.559 billion tons. Gold production ranks first in Hebei Province, and it is rich in molybdenum, silver, copper, lead, zinc, granite, marble and other resources.

Industry

Chengde is accelerating the creation of Hebei Beixiang's economic growth pole. The main direction is to accelerate the cultivation of leading industries and accelerate the formation of strategic support. Efforts should be made to expand and strengthen the two strategic supporting industries of vanadium and titanium products and clean energy, cultivate and strengthen the three backup industries of green food, tourism, components and instrumentation, and form a "2+3" pattern of accelerated development of the five leading industries.

The rare and precious metal alloy products industry, mainly vanadium and titanium, is Chengde’s most advantageous industry. It is necessary to strengthen exploration, intensive mining, strengthen vanadium and titanium, produce refined steel, expand steel extension, and develop in clusters;

The electric power industry, which mainly focuses on clean energy, should focus on wind power on the dam, vigorously promote thermal power, develop hydropower in stages, develop nuclear power, and speed up the implementation of various power projects. Cultivate three backup industries. The focus and direction of the development of the agricultural product processing industry, which is mainly green food, is to focus on animal husbandry and develop grass-fed animal husbandry and its deep processing.

It has 1 500KV transmission substation, 6 220KV transmission substations, 35 110KV transmission substations, and the main grid power supply capacity is 1.8 million KW. In 2006, electricity consumption was 7.48 billion kilowatt hours.

Transportation

The carrying and radiation capacity of Chengde’s transportation has been greatly enhanced. Zhangshuang, Hulan, and Zunxiao railways are being built, and tourism feeder airports are planned to build a "one ring and eight shots" A comprehensive transportation network with expressways as its core forms a transportation hub oriented to Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning and Mongolia, and ports, and a coal-fired power energy channel from eastern Mongolia and western Liaoning to Beijing, Tianjin, and Tang Dynasty. National Highways 101 and 112 and the Jingjin and Jingtong Railways run through the entire territory. The Chengde section of the Jingcheng Expressway has been completed and opened to traffic. The Chengtang, Chengchao, Chengchi, Chengqin, Chengzhang and other expressways are being planned and constructed. The city's highway mileage reaches 18,036 kilometers, and counties are connected to secondary roads, townships are connected to asphalt roads, every village is connected to roads, and more than 60% of administrative villages are connected to hardened roads.

Railway:

Chengde Railway Station is located in the southeast of Chengde City. The Jingcheng, Jincheng and Chenglong railways intersect at Chengde Station. Direct express trains run from Beijing to Dandong and Beijing South to Ulanhot. Passed by here too.

Tours to Chengde generally take the route through Beijing. Chengde City is close to Beijing, only 230 kilometers away, so Beijing can be used as a transfer station: you can take N211 (departs at 6:30 in the morning and arrives in Chengde at 10:48 noon) , the ticket price is 41 yuan for hard seats and 61 yuan for soft seats. You can also go from Jinzhou and Shenyang: Take 2067 (departing at 7:25 in the morning and arriving in Chengde at 20:28 in the evening).

To travel to Mulan Weichang, you usually take the Jingtong Line train at Beijing North Railway Station, get off at Siheyong Station, and then transfer to a minibus.

Roads:

Chengde has highways radiating around, with National Highways 101, 111, and 112 passing through the territory. It can lead to Inner Mongolia to the north, Liaoning to the east, and Beijing to the southwest. Southeast to Tianjin. It only takes about 5 hours from Beijing to Chengde. Chengde Long-distance Bus Station has now opened high-end express buses to Beijing and Shijiazhuang. During the tourist season, there are tourist buses from Beijing and Tianjin directly to Chengde, and there are also regular long-distance buses going back and forth.

Bus:

The transportation in Chengde is very convenient, and there are many ways to travel. The minibuses in Chengde City have complete lines and many trains. You can usually go to various scenic spots in the city for 1 yuan (it takes 10-15 minutes to walk to the Little Potala Palace and Xumi Fushou Temple). . From outside the gate of the Summer Resort, take bus 6 or 15 to get to the Waiba Temple.

Taxi:

The taxi fare in Chengde starts at 5 yuan/2 kilometers, and then 1.4 yuan/km.

Sightseeing

Chengde City was included in the first batch of China's outstanding tourist cities by the National Tourism Administration at the end of 1998, and is known as the "Purple Star Pearl". Our country's largest existing royal garden - the Summer Resort, the majestic temple complex - the Eight Outer Temples, and beautiful natural scenery. The urban area is surrounded by Yanshan Mountains, with the towering Qingchui Peak and the rugged Jiguan Mountain to the east; the rolling Guangren Ridge to the west; the majestic Jinshan Mountains to the north; and the steep Sengguan Peak to the south. The cultural landscape and natural landscape complement each other like bright pearls inlaid in the north of China.

It is a tourist summer resort.

The counties in Chengde City are rich in tourism resources. Luanping has the essence of the Great Wall - Jinshanling Great Wall; Fengning's "No. 1 Grassland in North Beijing" is famous for its advantageous geographical location and beautiful natural scenery. The "Baiyun Ancient Cave" is a combination of strange, dangerous, wild, secluded and monks, nuns and Taoists in one mountain; the famous Qing Dynasty royal hunting garden "Mulan Weichang" in Weichang County is located in Weichang County, the northernmost county of Hebei Province, and is closely related to It borders Inner Mongolia, about 120 kilometers north from Chengde. The paddock has been a famous natural garden with abundant water and grass and numerous animals since ancient times. In 1681 AD, Emperor Kangxi established a hunting ground here with an area of ??10,000 square kilometers and 72 enclosures. It is a natural resort for summer tourism and winter skiing and hunting; Wuling Mountain in Xinglong has rich species of flora and fauna and is listed as a national nature reserve; Kuancheng's "Underwater Great Wall" is a wonder of the Great Wall; Pingquan and the source of Liaohe River are charming , the natural secondary forest is clearly layered, and there is a grassland on the top of the mountain, presenting a sub-alpine grassland landscape... At present, Chengde has successively launched the "Beijing-Chengde World Cultural Heritage Tour", "Folk Customs Tour", "Mulan Paddock Skiing" "Hunting Tour", "Bashang Forest and Grassland Tour", "Beijing - Chengde - Paddock - Fengning - Beijing Ecological Tourism Circle", "Chengde Great Wall Historic Site Tour", "Wulin Mountain Science Popularization Tour", "Buddhist "Travel" and other projects.

Chengde is suitable for any season, but considering its seasonal and beautiful natural scenery, April to October is the best time.

Specialties

Summer Resort Silk Hanging Brocade Chengde Wood Carving Bracken Folk Paper-cut

Teng’s Cloth Paste Painting Almond Dew

Specialty Dishes

Mushroom Steam Pot Game Eight Immortals Royal Lotus Leaf Chicken

Snacks: Nansha Cake Buckwheat Noodles River Leak Bowl Flower Rose Cake

Danxia Landform

Chengde not only has rich cultural landscapes, but also has simple and natural natural features.

Danxia landform: Around the urban area, there are many strange red rock (rock formations) landscapes. Geology calls it "Danxia landform", which is rare in northern my country. Compared with Danxia Mountain in the south of the Yangtze River, these landforms are not only unique in shape, but also a bit more majestic.

Main natural mountain scenery: Qingchui Peak, Toad Rock, Luohan Mountain, Sengguan Peak, Tianqiao Mountain, Shuangta Mountain, Jiguan Peak and more than ten places.

Royal Garden

The Summer Resort is the largest existing royal garden in China with the most unique architectural style. It is also called the Rehe Palace and the Chengde Palace. A place for political activity.

Summer Resort: It is mainly divided into two parts: the palace area and the garden scenic area.

The palace area is in the south. It was the place where the emperors of the Qing Dynasty handled government affairs, held ceremonies, and met with foreign envoys. It was also where the emperors and queens lived. The buildings are simple, majestic, and majestic.

The garden scenic area is located to the north of the palace area and includes three parts: lake area, plain area and mountain area.

The lake area is sparkling with blue waves, and islands, bridges and pavilions are scattered here and there;

The plain area is full of green grass and towering ancient trees;

The mountain area is full of strange peaks and deep valleys. Deep gorge.

Features: The Summer Resort combines the delicacy of the Jiangnan water towns and the grace of royal architecture. It is like a gorgeous and colorful treasure inlaid in the land of North China.

Royal Garden Area: Covering an area of ??approximately 5.6 million square meters, it is equivalent to twice the size of the Summer Palace in Beijing and eight times the size of the Forbidden City. After the construction of three generations of emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, it took 87 years to be basically completed. There are more than 120 buildings, terraces, pavilions, pavilions, halls, pavilions, studios, pavilions, temples, towers, corridors and bridges. Emperor Kangxi named the thirty-six sceneries with four characters and Emperor Qianlong named the thirty-six sceneries with three characters.

Temple Architecture

There are 12 large and small temples scattered around the Chengde Summer Resort. These 12 temples are divided into eight management departments, so they are called the "Eight Outer Temples". ". They are: Xumi Fushou Temple, Pumi Zongcheng Temple, Puren Temple, Shuxiang Temple, Puning Temple, Anyuan Temple, Pule Temple, and Puyou Temple.

Legend

Rehe became a "soldier"

Chengde is a mysterious city and a desirable tourist attraction. The famous Summer Resort was once the Rehe Palace where the Qing Dynasty emperors handled government affairs in summer. There are many scenic gardens for the emperor and his relatives to enjoy. Outside, there are Pule Temple, Puning Temple, Putuo Zongcheng Temple (Little Potala Palace). ) and other natural scenery such as "Eight Outer Temples" and "Bangchui Mountain". Many buildings in Chengde have both Han, Mongolian, Tibetan and Uyghur national artistic characteristics and Jiangnan garden style. In 1985, it was rated as one of the top ten scenic spots in the country.

There is a folk legend in Chengde that "Rehe turns into ice". Before the summer resort was built, a commander-in-chief wrote to Emperor Kangxi requesting funds to rebuild the Great Wall to strengthen the border defense. Kangxi disagreed and believed that the key to peace in the country was to unite as one and unite. Later, with the construction of the summer resort, the small town of Rehe gradually took shape. Different from other ancient cities, the terrain here is open and there is no danger to defend, but no city walls or gates have been built, and there has been no sword-fighting in the more than 300 years since the city was built. Emperor Qianlong of the former Qing Dynasty regarded Chengde not only as the "Xia Capital", but also as a "platform" to unite and integrate various ethnic groups. The legend of "Rehe transformed into soldiers" has also become a cultural element passed down.

China Air Travel Network (www.cnair.com) Original text: air.com/hebei/chengde/list_chengde.htm