Iceland belongs to the volcanic island, Iceland was formed because Iceland is located in the growth boundary of the two major plates (Asia-Europe Plate, the American Plate), overflowed lava flows, and later gradually upward increase in height, the formation of submarine volcanoes, submarine volcanoes in the eruption of the upward growth. Iceland is since the late Early Miocene, by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge Rift overflow of the upper mantle material accumulation.

Almost the entire country of Iceland was founded on volcanic rocks, and the rocks that make up Iceland are all volcanic, with basalt being the most widely distributed, as well as andesite and rhyolite.

Iceland is known as the "Fire Island of the Polar Circle" and has 200 to 300 volcanoes, 40 to 50 of which are active. The main volcanoes are shield volcanoes, including Laki, Varnadals, Hekla and Katla. The lava flowing from the volcanoes is basal.

Volcanic activity on the southwest coast from 1963 to 1967 created a small island of about 2.1 square kilometers. Rich in geothermal resources, it has the highest number of hot springs in the world, with about 250 alkaline hot springs across the island, the largest of which produces 200 liters of spring water per second.

Expanded Information

The whole of Iceland is a bowl-shaped plateau surrounded by coastal mountain ranges with a plateau in the center. Most of it is tableland, which is mostly between 400 and 800 meters in height, with individual peaks up to 1,300 to 1,700 meters, the highest peak in Iceland being Mt. Jarnadareurernuk (2,119 meters).

The lowlands are very small, with sea-formed plains and ice-water flood plains distributed in the west and southwest, and the plains cover about 7% of the island. The coastline without glacial flow is irregular, with many fjords and small bays. Other coastal areas are mainly sandy beaches, with sandbars off shore forming lagoons.

Iceland is located in the high latitude, but because of the influence of the North Atlantic warm current and the control of the westerly wind belt, so belongs to the temperate oceanic climate, is the same latitude a special climate.

Iceland is heavily influenced by the North Atlantic Warm Current, which flows mainly from its southern side, with a branch going around its western and northern sides. So although it is located near the Arctic Circle, winter temperatures are not too low, and summer temperatures range between 7-12°C across the island.

Being near the center of Iceland's low pressure, the weather is changeable. Cyclones bring abundant precipitation to Iceland, with an average annual precipitation of between 1,000-2,000 millimeters in the southwest and west, and less in the north and northeast, at 400-600 millimeters. Rain and snow are possible regardless of the season.