(1) Current status of my country’s canned edible fungi exports

my country’s canned edible fungi exports are dominated by canned mushrooms, and other varieties and rare varieties have developed to a certain extent; export volume and export value have grown steadily , other varieties and rare varieties will be new highlights in expanding exports in the future; the export market covers more than 100 countries and regions, the main markets are the United States, Canada, Europe, Japan and Southeast Asia, and other markets have development potential (Han Yucai, 2004).

For many years, canned food has been my country’s main exported processed food, and canned edible fungi is an important product among exported canned goods. According to statistics from the General Administration of Customs, my country exported 1.7864 million tons of canned goods in 2004, earning US$1.363 billion in foreign exchange; of which, it exported 298,400 tons of canned edible fungi, earning US$298 million in foreign exchange, accounting for 16.70% and 21.86% respectively. This shows the importance and status of canned edible fungi in my country’s exported cans.

In recent years, my country's edible fungi industry has shown a good development trend, and edible fungi products have become the main products in exported agricultural products and food. In 2004, my country exported 581,700 tons of edible fungi products, earning US$902 million in foreign exchange; of which canned edible fungi accounted for 51.30% and 33.04% respectively. Therefore, canned edible fungi are also an important product among my country’s edible fungi export products.

Currently, the main varieties of canned edible fungi exported from my country include Agaricus bisporus, Straw mushroom, Pleurotus edulis, Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus pleurotus, Boletus, Chanterelles, Agaricus shiitake mushrooms and "Assorted mushrooms" that are a mixture of two or more edible fungi.

The 2004 Statistical Catalog of the General Administration of Customs includes three categories of commodities involving canned edible mushrooms, namely canned white mushrooms (oceanic mushrooms), canned other agaric mushrooms and canned other mushrooms. The export volume, export value and average price of canned edible fungi in my country from 2000 to 2004 are shown in Table 1-1, Table 1-2 and Table 1-3.

Table 1-1 my country’s export volume of canned edible fungi from 2000 to 2004 (10,000 tons)

Table 1-2 my country’s export value of canned edible fungi from 2000 to 2004 (10,000 US dollars)

Table 1-3 my country’s average export price of canned edible fungi from 2000 to 2004 (USD/ton)

Note: “-” This commodity was not listed separately in the customs statistical catalog that year.

In 2004, my country's canned edible fungi were exported to 125 countries and regions in the world. The main market distribution is shown in Table 1-4.

Table 1-4 The top 10 countries or regions in terms of export volume and export value of canned edible fungi in 2004

(2) The situation facing the development of canned edible fungi in my country

The continuous growth of my country's edible fungi industry has promoted the steady development of canned edible fungi. In 2004, my country's canned edible fungi production was 350,000 to 380,000 tons, of which nearly 300,000 tons were exported and 50,000 to 80,000 tons were sold domestically. The product structure is that canned mushrooms account for about 75% to 80%, and other canned edible fungi account for about 20% to 25%. At present, the development of canned edible fungi in my country is facing the following situation: the safety problem of canned edible fungi is very serious, and foreign anti-dumping is happening one after another. However, canned edible fungi have development potential, and the development of rare varieties is more promising. Product processing and new product development are expected to promote consumption, and there is broad prospect of opening up the domestic market.

1) The safety issue of canned edible fungi is very serious. In the past two years, canned edible fungi found to be substandard on the market have been exposed in the media many times, especially in mainstream media. The main reasons for its failure are excessive sulfur dioxide, added preservatives and non-compliant labels. The first two points reflect the safety issues of the product, which seriously damaged the reputation of canned edible fungi and caused consumers to discolor the canned edible fungi, thus raising doubts and concerns about the safety of canned edible fungi.

Canned food uses sealing and sterilization technology (or sealing first and then sterilization, that is, aseptic canning technology) to achieve preservation purposes. Canned food does not need to use preservatives, and the use of preservatives is not allowed. In addition to canned food on the market, many products such as ham stored at room temperature, Tetra Pak pure milk, bottled and Tetra Pak juices are also processed and produced using canning technology. In economically developed countries, there are a dazzling array of canned foods on food counters or shelves in shopping malls or supermarkets of different grades; the more economically developed a country is, the greater the consumption of canned food. Although there are factors such as consumption level and living habits, there is no doubt that canned food is recognized as a safe, hygienic, nutritious and convenient food in the world.

However, some small canneries that do not have the production facilities, hygienic conditions and personnel quality for processing canned food ignore the safety and health of consumers, violate the technical requirements and process regulations of canning processing, or use anti-corrosion Edible fungus raw materials preserved with agents and sulfur dioxide are used, or salted raw materials of poor quality are treated with large amounts of color-protecting agents, or preservatives are added in an attempt to enhance "safety", prevent can expansion, extend the shelf life, and produce inferior edible fungi. Canned mushrooms deliberately make products that should be safe into unsafe products, seriously damaging the quality reputation of edible mushroom products and harming the interests of consumers. Although such black sheep are a very small minority, the impact they cause is very bad.

The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China listed canned food as the second batch of products subject to the food quality and safety market access system. From 2005, food production license and QS mark management will be implemented to control from the source and strengthen supervision and inspection. The products of enterprises that meet production hygienic conditions and management requirements are not allowed to enter the market, which will definitely play a positive role in rectifying the quality of canned edible fungi, effectively ensuring the safety and health of consumers, and promoting the healthy development of canned edible fungi.

The problem of pesticide residues is another major issue regarding the safety of canned edible fungi. Especially in the export trade of canned edible fungi, the "green barriers" of importing countries, especially economically developed countries, will become a constraint on the export of canned edible fungi in my country. We should proactively take effective preventive measures to deal with the main factors.

2) Foreign countries have implemented anti-dumping measures against our canned mushrooms one after another. Since the United States implemented anti-dumping measures against our canned mushrooms exported to the United States in 1998, the case has not yet been concluded. Since then, Australia has imposed anti-dumping duties on my exports of canned mushrooms. Currently, Mexico is conducting an anti-dumping investigation into our canned mushrooms. Except for the United States, Australia and Mexico are not the main producing countries of canned mushrooms. This shows that in international trade, trade disputes are more complicated and business competition is becoming increasingly fierce.

Canned mushrooms play a considerable role in my country’s export of edible fungi and canned products. Once the export of canned mushrooms is blocked, it will not only affect the export of my country’s edible fungi and canned products, but more importantly, affect thousands of people. The interests of millions of mushroom farmers and the employment of employees in canning processing companies affect social stability. In 1989, the United States automatically detained canned mushrooms from China exported to the United States on the grounds of the "staphylococcal enterotoxin incident in canned mushrooms." The losses and impact caused to my country's mushroom industry are still unforgettable. In this regard, relevant industry organizations should actively report and appeal to government departments for support, and coordinate and guide the industry; they should actively respond to external complaints and argue their case; at the same time, they should strengthen corporate self-discipline and try to avoid the occurrence of such incidents.

3) The domestic canned edible fungi consumption market needs to be developed. The market is the guide for the development of canned edible fungi and the leader and driving force for the development of the edible fungi industry. While consolidating and expanding foreign markets, we must vigorously develop the domestic canned edible fungi consumer market.

In the international market, canned mushrooms will still be the main processed product for mushroom trade and consumption in the future. However, the trade and consumption of canned mushrooms are relatively stable. Therefore, it is necessary to actively develop while maintaining and consolidating the existing market share. new markets. my country is rich in edible fungi species and has mature technology and experience in the artificial cultivation of some rare edible fungi species. Actively developing the export of canned rare edible fungi has great growth potential and profit margins.

The domestic market is the main market for canned edible fungi in the future, and great efforts must be made to guide, cultivate and develop the domestic market. Judging from the current situation, domestically sold canned edible fungi are basically water (salt water) ingredient products. As a product type for cooking dishes for catering and home consumption, it still needs to be developed in the future. However, it is necessary to speed up the development of canned edible mushrooms in seasonings and soups that are suitable for people's tastes and living habits and convenient for direct and quick consumption, and to speed up the development of the domestic market.

4) The key to the development of canned edible fungi lies in the enterprise, and the key lies in management. At present, canned edible fungi production companies must not only strive to seize development opportunities, but also actively face severe challenges. The top priority is to implement traceability management. Establish HACCP and QS management systems to effectively ensure the safety of canned edible fungi.

① Must comply with the regulations of GB8950-1988 "Hygienic Standards for Canned Factories", the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, "Hygienic Standards for Registration of Export Canned Processing Enterprises", "Food Quality and Safety Market Access" and relevant requirements for industry management , improve production facilities and sanitary conditions.

② Establish and improve corporate GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices), SSOP (Sanitary Standard Operating Procedures), HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) and QS (Food Quality and Safety Market Access) systems.

③ Strengthen training on food safety, canned production technical regulations and key technical types of work, quality system and enterprise management system, and improve employees, especially managers, safety and health awareness, production technology quality and quality management level.

④ It is necessary to implement traceability management, use various forms to build raw material bases, actively promote standardized, standardized and intensive methods to develop edible fungus raw materials, use pesticides in strict accordance with national regulations, strictly prohibit the blind use of inputs, and avoid environmental pollution. To prevent pollution, pay attention to the hygiene of mushroom growing water and ensure the safety of edible fungi raw materials.

⑤ Fresh edible fungus raw materials should be used for canning and put into production in time. It is strictly prohibited to use rotten, deteriorated and other unqualified raw materials.

⑥The procurement of auxiliary materials and packaging materials should have relatively stable qualified suppliers and establish qualified supplier files. Auxiliary materials and packaging materials should have inspection certificates.

⑦ Use cleaning equipment and vehicles to transport raw and auxiliary materials. The purchased raw and auxiliary materials should be inspected according to standards and recorded.

⑧ Food additives used in processing should be of the type permitted by national standards or the competent authorities of the importing country, and should be used within the prescribed dosage range.

⑨ When outsourcing empty cans, you should choose a qualified supplier with good equipment conditions, strong technical strength, complete inspection facilities, and good product quality. After the empty cans enter the factory, they must be strictly inspected and unqualified empty cans will be returned. .

Enterprises that make their own empty cans must establish and improve the production quality management system and inspection procedures and facilities for empty cans, strengthen quality control, and unqualified empty cans must not be put into production.

⑩The sealing structure should be quality tested and monitored in accordance with relevant regulations. The "three rates" of sealing should meet national standards or the requirements of the importing country, and sealing quality inspection and school bus records should be done.

Enterprises should conduct heat distribution tests on sterilizing pots and use the sterilization formula formulated by the thermal sterilization authority. They are not allowed to use empirical sterilization methods or copy the sterilization formulas of other companies, and they are not allowed to change the sterilization formula at will.

When sterilization deviation occurs, the technical person in charge of the enterprise should take appropriate measures according to the actual situation and keep records.

Abnormal cans discovered during commercial sterility testing must be further carefully analyzed and traced. To identify the cause and take measures to correct it.

Before product packaging, visual inspection should be conducted one by one to eliminate defective cans.

Strictly implement SSOP; perform daily health inspections before or after work; conduct process hygiene inspections once a week. Based on the accumulation of a large amount of testing data, process hygiene control indicators for a certain product of the company are formulated.

The quality records of the enterprise should be true, original and complete. The records of the day must be reviewed and completed and signed by the next day at the latest. In particular, sealing quality testing records, sterilization automatic recording charts and corresponding manual records, cooling discharge water residual chlorine content testing records, etc. must be carefully reviewed. If any problems are found, they should be promptly identified and dealt with.